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. 2023 Sep 25;15(18):9310–9340. doi: 10.18632/aging.205058

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Copyright: © 2023 Beydoun et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Conceptual framework. Abbreviations: ALCOHOL: Alcohol consumption z-score; COGN: Poor cognitive performance, z-score; DIET: Diet quality z-score; HEALTH: Poor cardio-metabolic and general health z-score; LE8_BIOLOGICAL: Biological sub-scale of Life’s Essential 8; LE8_LIFESTYLE: Lifestyle sub-scale of Life’s Essential 8; LIFESTYLE: Lifestyle factors including DIET, PA, SMOKING, ALCOHOL, NUTR and SS; NUTR: Nutritional biomarker z-score; PA: Physical Activity z-score; SES: Socio-economic status; SMOKING: Smoking z-score; SS: Social Support z-score.