Table 5. Total and selected indirect effects of socio-economic status vs. all-cause dementia through LE8_LIFESTYLE, LE8_BIOLOGICAL and cognitive performance factors among middle-aged adults (Age_base: 50–74 y); The UK Biobank 2006–2021^a.

	MODEL A		MODEL B
	β	(SE), p	β	(SE), p
Selected Indirect effects
SES → LE8LIFESTYLE → DEMENTIA(βA’)	−0.030	(0.004), <0.001	−0.030	(0.004), <0.001
SES → LE8LIFESTYLE → LE8BIOLOGICAL → DEMENTIA(βB’)	−0.0007	(0.0004), 0.054	−0.0004	(0.0004), 0.24
SES → LE8LIFESTYLE → LE8BIOLOGICAL → COGN → DEMENTIA(βC’)	+0.00027	(0.00002), <0.001	—	—
SES → LE8LIFESTYLE → COGN → DEMENTIA(βD’)	+0.00092	(0.0002), <0.001	—	—
SES → COGN → DEMENTIA(βE’)	−0.0576	(0.0025), <0.001	—	—
TOTAL EFFECT OF SES	−0.370	(0.020), <0.001	−0.370	(0.020), <0.001

Abbreviations: COGN: Poor cognitive performance z-score; DEMENTIA: Dementia; LE8: Life’s Essential 8; SES: Socio-economic status z-score. ^aValues are path coefficients β ± SE or non-linear combinations of path coefficients to compute selected indirect effects → DEMENTIA associations are interpreted as Log_e(HR) of these incident outcomes per unit exposure, as are total effect of SES. P for null hypothesis of β = 0.