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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychology. 2023 May;37(4):463–499. doi: 10.1037/neu0000888

Table 4b.

15 Items with the Smallest SEM in the Range of 0 to +1

Questionnaire abbreviation Cognitive domain Item stem Response optionsa Temporal referent Ability versus change SEM; Information
1. ADL Abbrev executive Focusing on goals or carrying out a plan much better; slightly better;b ability compared to 5 years ago Cb 0.50; 4.08
no change;
slightly worse slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse

2. CFI language Do you have more trouble recalling names, finding the right word, or completing sentences? no;
maybe;
yes;
reference to one year ago C 0.52; 3.77

3. ADL Abbrev memory Remembering appointments or meetings much better; slightly better; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.54; 3.48
no change;
slightly worse slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse

4. MMQ memory I worry about my memory ability strongly disagree; disagree; undecided; agree; strongly agree feelings over the past two weeks A 0.55; 3.29

5. ADL Abbrev attention Remaining on task and not getting distracted by external stimuli much better; slightly better; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.57; 3.03
no change;
slightly worse slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.57; 3.03

6. ADL Abbrev executive Shifting easily from one activity to the next much better; slightly better; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.60; 2.75
no change; slightly worse;
slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse

7. ADL Abbrev executive Making decisions on everyday matters much better; slightly better; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.61; 2.65
no change;
slightly worse; slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse

8. MAC-Q (a) memory Remembering
specific facts from a newspaper or magazine article you have just finished reading
much better now; somewhat better now; as compared to high school or college C 0.62; 2.63
about the same; somewhat poorer no much poorer now

9. MAC-Q (a) memory Remembering the name of a person just introduced to you much better now; somewhat better now; about the same; as compared to high school or college C 0.62; 2.59
somewhat poorer now; much poorer now

10. CFI memory Compared to one year ago, do you find that you are relying more on written reminders (e.g., shopping lists, calendars)? no; maybe;
yes;
reference to one year ago C 0.62; 2.59

11. ADL Abbrev executive Reasoning through a complicated problem much better; slightly better; no change; slightly worse; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.63; 2.56
slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse

12. ADL Abbrev language Expressing myself through speech much better; slightly better; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.63; 2.54
no change; slightly worse slightly to moderately worse;
moderately worse; much worse

13. ADL Abbrev executive Organizing and managing my medication schedule much better; slightly better; no change; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.63; 2.54
slightly worse; slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse

14. ADL Abbrev language Understanding instructions or directions much better; slightly better; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.63; 2.54
no change;
slightly worse; slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse

15. ADL Abbrev calculation Handling everyday arithmetic problems
(knowing how much food to buy, how long it’s been between visits from family and friends)
much better; slightly better; ability compared to 5 years ago C 0.63; 2.49
no change; slightly worse; slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse
slightly worse; slightly to moderately worse; moderately worse; much worse
a

Highlighted response options were combined for purposes of data harmonization due to the categories having fewer than five respondents.

b

The ADL Abbrev scale uses a time referent of compared to 5 years ago to capture current ability level on certain tasks, skills, or problem areas in relation to previous ability. As such, even though labeled as “C”, indicating that it assesses change, the ADL Abbrev also taps into ability.

Note. SEM = Standard Error of Measurement; ADL Abbreviated = Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale Self-Version, Abbreviated; CFI = Cognitive Function Index; MAC-Q (a) = Memory Complaint Questionnaire; MMQ = Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire.