Table 2.
Antifungal effects of the Vitex pseudo-negundo EOs on the yeast and mold strains based on broth microdilution method.
| Fungi | ATCC/CBS | Leaf | Flower | Fruit | Fluconazole | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIC90 (μl/mL) | MFC (μl/mL) | MIC90 (μl/mL) | MFC (μl/mL) | MIC90 (μl/mL) | MFC (μl/mL) | MIC (μl/mL) | |||
| Standard strains | C. albicans | A (10261) | 64 | >64 | 16 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 4 |
| C. glabrata | A (90030) | 16 | 32 | 16 | >64 | 8 | 32 | 32 | |
| C. dubliniensis | A (8501) | 32 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 4 | 32 | 2 | |
| C. krusei | A (6258) | 16 | 64 | 8 | 64 | 4 | 16 | 32 | |
| C. tropicalis | A (750) | 16 | 64 | 16 | >64 | 8 | 64 | 8 | |
| C. parapsilosis | A (4344) | 32 | >64 | 32 | >64 | 16 | 64 | 4 | |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | A (9011) | 2 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 2 | |
| A. flavus | A (64025) | R | R | R | R | 64 | — | 64 | |
| A. clavatus | C (514.65) | R | R | R | R | 64 | — | 64 | |
| A. fumigatus | A (14110) | R | R | R | R | 64 | — | 64 | |
| T. rubrum | — | 4 | 32 | — | — | 4 | 32 | — | |
| M. gypseum | — | 64 | 64 | — | — | 64 | >64 | — | |
| E. floccosum | — | 2 | 8 | — | — | 2 | 16 | — | |
|
| |||||||||
| Azole-sensitive clinical isolates | C. albicans | S (608) | 64 | 64 | 64 | >64 | 32 | 64 | 8 |
| C. albicans | S (615) | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 4 | |
| C. albicans | S (538) | 32 | 64 | 16 | >64 | 8 | 64 | 16 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Azole-resistant clinical isolates | C. albicans | R (625) | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 32 | >64 | >64 |
| C. albicans | R (634) | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 32 | 64 | >64 | |
| C. albicans | R (2303) | 32 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 32 | 64 | >64 | |
Note. ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, CBS: Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures, R: resistance, S: sensitive, MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration, and MFC: minimum fungicidal concentration.