Table 3.
Dietary intake and anthropometric measurements according to nutrition literacy level
| Variables | Low nutrition literacy (n 104) | Moderate nutrition literacy (n 718) | High nutrition literacy (n 252) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary intake (Median (IQR) or Mean ± sd) | |||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | ||
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 1462·1 | 575·72 | 1497·1 | 546·85 | 1552·3 | 538·24 | 0·265 |
| Protein (g)* | 46·0 | 29·98a | 51·1 | 26·33a | 56·4 | 28·97b | 0·002 |
| Protein (% of energy) | 14·5 | 5·07a | 15·0 | 4·08a | 15·7 | 3·89b | 0·018 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 170·5 | 75·04 | 176·2 | 76·95 | 174·0 | 70·60 | 0·741 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 47·3 | 9·97 | 48·1 | 11·37 | 46·2 | 10·70 | 0·061 |
| Total fat (g) | 62·5 | 31·56 | 62·2 | 30·51 | 66·8 | 32·19 | 0·129 |
| Total fat (% of energy) | 38·0 | 9·15 | 36·7 | 10·60 | 37·9 | 10·16 | 0·183 |
| Fibre (g)* | 12·2 | 8·53a | 13·9 | 9·36a | 15·2 | 11·40b | 0·002 |
| Cholesterol (mg)* | 153·2 | 291·73 | 218·9 | 271·81 | 238·7 | 269·18 | 0·150 |
| Ca (mg)* | 588·7 | 370·95a | 607·5 | 405·14a | 700·0 | 454·80b | 0·001 |
| Mg (mg) | 204·9 | 99·21a | 210·1 | 85·27a | 230·5 | 99·41b | 0·005 |
| P (mg) | 870·7 | 399·39a | 905·2 | 351·9a | 1004·5 | 395·06b | < 0·001 |
| K (mg) | 1744·3 | 759·66a | 1832·5 | 782·0a | 2032·0 | 842·28b | 0·001 |
| Na (mg)* | 2195·5 | 1834·57 | 2442·8 | 1727·44 | 2471·5 | 1351·59 | 0·314 |
| Vitamin C (mg)* | 44·5 | 54·67a | 61·5 | 86·59b | 68·2 | 97·38b | < 0·001 |
| Vitamin E (mg)* | 6·7 | 7·06 | 7·0 | 7·04 | 8·2 | 7·31 | 0·484 |
| Folate (mcg)* | 149·6 | 119·09a | 176·5 | 123·49b | 208·9 | 151·54c | < 0·001 |
| Fe (mg)* | 6·2 | 4·39a | 6·6 | 3·99a | 6·9 | 5·07b | 0·001 |
| Zn (mg)* | 6·3 | 5·15 | 6·9 | 3·74a | 7·5 | 4·19b | 0·019 |
| Anthropomentric measurements (Mean ± sd) | |||||||
| Body weight (kg) | 48·9 | 14·89 | 50·0 | 14·01 | 49·1 | 13·75 | 0·565 |
| Height (cm) | 153·6 | 10·02 | 155·0 | 10·25 | 153·5 | 9·61 | 0·101 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20·5 | 4·69 | 20·6 | 4·46 | 20·5 | 4·36 | 0·945 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 71·8 | 12·81 | 71·5 | 11·34 | 71·6 | 11·14 | 0·969 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 85·8 | 10·85 | 86·5 | 10·65 | 86·1 | 11·05 | 0·741 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 29·6 | 3·22 | 29·7 | 3·06 | 29·5 | 3·05 | 0·550 |
Significant values are shown in bold (P < 0·05).
*
Data are expressed as Median (IQR).
Dissimilar values (superscripts a, b and c) of each row are significantly different.