. 2022 Nov 2;8(2):e141–e154. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00252-3

Table 2.

Characteristics of included studies by category

		Studies (n=20)
Country
USA⁹^,¹⁴^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸		11 (55%)
Canada²⁶^,⁴²^,⁵⁰		3 (15%)
UK⁴⁵^,⁵³		2 (10%)
Hong Kong³⁷^,⁵²		2 (10%)
Australia⁵¹		1 (5%)
Netherlands⁴⁹		1 (5%)
Sex work legal context in intervention setting at time of study^*
Full criminalisation of sex working⁹^,¹⁴^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸		11 (55%)
Partial criminalisation of sex working²⁶^,³⁷^,⁴²^,⁴⁵^,⁵⁰^,⁵²^,⁵³		7 (35%)
Criminalisation of the purchase of sex		0
Regulation of sex working⁴⁹^,⁵¹		2 (10%)
Full decriminalisation		0
Sex worker's sex, gender, or both^†
Female⁹^,¹⁴^,²⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸^,⁴⁹^,⁵⁰^,⁵¹^,⁵²^,⁵³		20 (100%)
Male⁵¹		1 (5%)
Transgender women²⁶^,⁴²		2 (10%)
Location of sex work
Street based²⁶^,³⁸^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁵⁰^,⁵²^,⁵³		11 (55%)
Brothel or indoor based⁵¹		1 (5%)
Street based and indoor based⁴⁴^,⁴⁹		2 (10%)
Unclear where sex work takes place⁹^,¹⁴^,³⁷^,³⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴⁸		6 (30%)
Study design^‡
Randomised controlled trial³⁷^,³⁸^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹		4 (20%)
Cohort analytic (two groups, pre-intervention and post-intervention)¹⁴^,²⁶^,⁴²		3 (15%)
Cohort (one group, pre-intervention and post-intervention)⁹^,³⁹^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷		7 (35%)
Cross-sectional study⁴⁸^,⁴⁹^,⁵⁰^,⁵¹^,⁵²^,⁵³		6 (30%)
Quality rating
Strong		0
Moderate³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹		3 (15%)
Weak⁹^,¹⁴^,²⁶^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸^,⁴⁹^,⁵⁰^,⁵¹^,⁵²^,⁵³		17 (85%)
Intervention setting
Outreach locations⁴⁰^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁹^,⁵⁰^,⁵¹		7^§ (35%)
Static site⁹^,¹⁴^,²⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸^,⁵²^,⁵³		14^§ (70%)
Single component interventions
Overall⁹^,¹⁴^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁹^,⁵¹^,⁵³		12 (60%)
	Education and empowerment³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹^,⁴⁴	6
	Drug treatment¹⁴^,⁴³	2
	Sexual and reproductive health care⁵¹^,⁵³	2
	Other health care⁹^,⁴⁹	2
Multicomponent interventions^†
Overall²⁶^,⁴²^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸^,⁵⁰^,⁵²		8 (40%)
	Education and empowerment²⁶^,⁴²^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸^,⁵⁰^,⁵²	7
	Drug treatment⁴⁵^,⁴⁸	2
	Sexual and reproductive health care²⁶^,⁴²^,⁴⁸^,⁵⁰^,⁵²	5
	Other health care²⁶^,⁴⁸^,⁵²	3
	Welfare²⁶^,⁴²^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁵⁰	5
Peer involvement
Developed with peer workers⁴⁴		1 (5%)
Developed and delivered with peer workers²⁶^,³⁸^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁵⁰		5 (25%)
No peer involvement reported⁹^,¹⁴^,³⁷^,³⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴³^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸^,⁴⁹^,⁵¹^,⁵²^,⁵³		14 (70%)
Outcomes measured^†
Drug use and drug harm reduction³⁸^,⁴¹^,⁴³^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁵⁰		7 (35%)
Sexual risk behaviours¹⁴^,³⁷^,³⁸^,⁴¹^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁷		7 (35%)
Sex worker safety³⁸^,⁴⁴^,⁵⁰		3 (15%)
Mental health and wellbeing⁹^,³⁷^,⁴⁰^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵		5 (25%)
Criminal activity³⁹^,⁴⁶		2 (10%)
Outcomes related to wider determinants⁴⁶		1 (5%)
Awareness of health-care and support services⁴⁴		1 (5%)
Use of other health-care and support services³⁷^,⁴¹^,⁴³		3 (15%)
Sexually transmitted infection treatment⁴⁸^,⁵¹^,⁵³		3 (15%)
Other health-care outcomes²⁶^,³⁸^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴⁸^,⁴⁹^,⁵⁰^,⁵¹^,⁵²		6 (30%)

Data are presented as n or n (%).

Legal context categorisations from Platt and colleagues (2018).²² Full criminalisation prohibits all aspects of sex work and selling and buying sex; partial criminalisation criminalises only some aspects; in criminalisation of purchase of sex models, the sale of sex is legal but clients are criminalised; and regulatory models allow the sale of sex in some settings or conditions. Full decriminalisation removes all criminality of sex work while still prohibiting violence and coercion of sex workers.

^†

Can be in more than one category.

^‡

Study categorisations used are derived from the Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.³³

^§

One study evaluated both outreach and static interventions.