. 2023 Sep 21;29(8):1205–1224. doi: 10.1007/s12298-023-01351-3

Table 3.

Morphological and anatomical characteristics of C. ciliaris inhabiting in different arid and semiarid habitats. Values are presented in means ± standard error

	Semi-arid								Arid
	HR	KG	HT	KT	SG	GW	F value	P value	SA	CA	DA	HP	DF	QN	F value	P value
Morphology
SL	30.10 ± 0.68^b	47.03 ± 0.79^a	34.26 ± 0.4^b	34.3 ± 0.4^b	25.33 ± 0.46^c	39.23 ± 0.4^ab	247.2	0.012	24.71 ± 0.71^a	17.01 ± 0.5^b	20 ± 0.57^ab	17.66 ± 0.6^b	10 ± 0.57^c	14 ± 0.57^b	144.2	0.000
RL	7.23 ± 0.2^a	6.46 ± 0.2^ab	4.66 ± 0.42^c	5.7 ± 0.21^b	6.13 ± 0.2^ab	4 ± 0.25^c	21.4	0.000	10.23 ± 0.4^ab	7.53 ± 0.54^c	10.2 ± 0.4^ab	12.13 ± 0.2^b	15.03 ± 0.5^a	12.53 ± 0.4^b	87.1	0.021
SFW	7.5 ± 0.23^ab	5.7 ± 0.32^b	11 ± 0.26^a	8.76 ± 0.28^ab	5.93 ± 0.2^b	11.1 ± 0.41^a	154.4	0.000	6.5 ± 0.23^a	6.46 ± 0.17^a	5.7 ± 0.25^ab	5.93 ± 0.1^b	4.8 ± 0.17^b	4.5 ± 0.15^b	133.9	0.011
RFW	3.6 ± 0.05 ^b	1.4 ± 0.05^c	3.76 ± 0.03^b	1.4 ± 0.05^c	2.53 ± 0.03 ^bc	7.33 ± 0.12^a	247.2	0.002	3.6 ± 0.03^ab	4.16 ± 0.03^a	3.4 ± 0.08^ab	2.5 ± 0.03^b	2.1 ± 0.03^c	2.4 ± 0.05^b	414.2	0.014
SDW	1.06 ± 0.08 ^c	1.16 ± 0.23^c	2.9 ± 0.11^a	1.8 ± 0.47 ^bc	1.16 ± 0.13^c	1.73 ± 0.23^b	131	0.001	2.66 ± 0.08^bc	3.5 ± 0.26^b	2.1 ± 0.05^c	3.96 ± 0.033^bc	4.76 ± 0.08^a	4.3 ± 0.11^ab	99	0.001
RDW	1.27 ± 0.05^d	0.76 ± 0.05^c	1.84 ± 0.05^b	0.53 ± 0.08 ^c	0.56 ± 0.005^c	2.79 ± 0.09^a	13	0.001	1.57 ± 0.05^d	2.62 ± 0.05^c	0.64 ± 0.08^d	2.56 ± 0.05^c	5.3 ± 0.15^a	4.03 ± 0.23^b	87	0.012
Root anatomy
ET	47.23 ± 2.3 ^a	33.06 ± 2.3^b	47.23 ± 2.3 ^a	47.23 ± 2.3 ^a	33.06 ± 2.5 ^b	42.51 ± 2.3 ^ab	12.32	0.041	75.57 ± 4.2 ^ab	56.68 ± 2.8^c	70.85 ± 4.7^b	75.59 ± 3.5 ^ab	90.29 ± 4.2^a	81.55 ± 3.1 ^ab	44.20	0.014
CCA	2313.85 ± 157.7 ^ab	2050.9 ± 157.7 ^b	2261.2 ± 420.7^b	2892.3 ± 449.3^a	2050.9 ± 145.21^b	1419.8 ± 189.6^c	21.4	0.033	2050.9 ± 258.4^c	2734.5 ± 157.7^c	2313.8 ± 241.4^c	1893.152 ± 165.2^d	7677.7 ± 422.6^a	4680.2 ± 402.6^b	47.1	0.010
PA	736.2 ± 61.2^b	1104.3 ± 80.4^a	841.4 ± 70.8^ab	578.4 ± 59.6^bc	1104.3 ± 42.5^a	315.5 ± 52.4^c	124.4	0.001	631.05 ± 72.16^a	631.05 ± 72.16 ^a	578.4 ± 50.4^ab	368.1 ± 42.5^b	315.5 ± 42^b	525.8 ± 52.3^ab	113.9	0.029
MA	1998.3 ± 631.1^c	3155.2 ± 631.1^b	4627.7 ± 567.1^a	4522.5 ± 567^a	3155.2 ± 415.1^b	2839.7 ± 556^b	261.2	0.000	11,884.7 ± 517.9^a	3733.7 ± 647.7^c	2156.09 ± 667.9^d	5100.9 ± 515.6^c	9728.7 ± 831.5^b	11,043.3 ± 814.1^ab	414.2	0.000
MA	2681.9a ± 157.6	1525.0c ± 57.9	1209.5d ± 82.1	2103.50b ± 111.3	1525.03c ± 136.7	1419.8 cd ± 47.92	146.2	0.024	971.61ab ± 73.6	1162.1a ± 63.1	893.1ab ± 112	1076.7a ± 136.7	631.05b ± 60.5	262.9c ± 50.5	251	0.000
PCA	2313.8 ± 120.7^ab	1577.6 ± 182.1^b	2261.2 ± 189.6^ab	2647.1 ± 384.5^a	1577.6 ± 112^b	1315 ± 182.1^c	9.25	0.043	3838.8 ± 346.3^bc	1419.8 ± 113.2^d	1682.8 ± 210.3^d	2331.6 ± 412^c	7459.07 ± 426.5^a	6836.3 ± 408.3^b	98	0.001
Stem anatomy
CCA	3470.77 ± 189.6^b	1525.03 ± 268.8^c	4995.8 ± 278.2^ab	2208.6 ± 234.8 ^bc	1367.2 ± 219.7^c	6152.7 ± 218.3^a	116.2	0.000	3155.2 ± 229.2^a	2787.1 ± 229.1^a	1945.7 ± 331^ab	1209.5 ± 182.1^b	161.1 ± 88.2^c	631.0 ± 139.1 ^bc	84.2	0.001
MA	6468.27 ± 385.6^b	1682.8 ± 210.3^cd	1051.7 ± 338.2^d	2103.5 ± 260.5^c	1735.3 ± 317.4^cd	8466.5 ± 358.4^a	91.4	0.021	1472.4 ± 360.8^ab	1104.3 ± 157.7^ab	1262.1 ± 315.5^ab	2103.5 ± 356.5^a	683.6 ± 139.1^b	2313.8 ± 139.1^a	74.1	0.025
PA	522.5 ± 23.3^ab	631.05 ± 17.8^a	449.2 ± 24.1^b	315.5 ± 31.7^c	525.8 ± 34.2^ab	510.9 ± 26.5^ab	114.4	0.013	315.5 ± 17.8^b	493.9 ± 17.52^a	219.8 ± 23.9^d	241.4 ± 17.39^c	368.1 ± 15.4^ab	262.9 ± 15.4^c	97.9	0.027
VBA	24,558.3 ± 1138.8^a	15,513.3 ± 912.3^b	21,508.3 ± 1689^ab	12,305.4 ± 1504.4^c	15,145.2 ± 1252.2^b	14,671.9 ± 847.7^b	251.2	0.004	15,828.8 ± 824.7^b	5837.2 ± 1091.1^e	10,675.2 ± 702.5^c	18,510.8 ± 793.2^a	3523.3 ± 763.5^f	9833.8 ± 1056.1^d	314.2	0.002
Leaf blade anatomy
LT	94.4 ± 9.0^b	80.2 ± 7^bc	94.4 ± 9.6^b	113.3 ± 8.1^ab	155.8 ± 10.2^a	70.8 ± 8.1^c	51.32	0.009	146.4 ± 9.4 ^bc	99.1 ± 9.3^c	113.3 ± 8.18^c	155.1 ± 9.7^b	184.2 ± 8.1^a	165.3 ± 10.7^ab	124.2	0.000
MT	220.6a ± 17.03	179.4a ± 12.4	250.1a ± 21.6	200.2a ± 8.1	136.9b ± 9.4	193.6ab ± 9.4	71.4	0.031	316.4a ± 12.4	250.3b ± 12.4	240.8b ± 21.6	170.04c ± 18.5	132.2d ± 12.4	141.7d ± 8.1	107	0.013
PA	473.2 ± 17.03^c	420.7 ± 12.4^c	946.5 ± 21.6^a	683.6 ± 8.1^b	838.8 ± 9.4^ab	578.4 ± 9.4 ^bc	104.4	0.014	683.6 ± 12.4 ^bc	578.4 ± 12.4^c	631.05 ± 21.6^c	762.10 ± 24.5^b	930.3 ± 22.4^a	836.3 ± 15.1^ab	93.9	0.003
MA	4943.2 ± 347.2^b	1051.7 ± 65.4^d	6305.4 ± 237.6^a	1577.6 ± 26^c	1841.4 ± 15.02^c	5302.9 ± 358.2^ab	131.2	0.001	1999.1 ± 149.2^b	2629.3 ± 218.2^a	2473.2 ± 113.01^ab	999.1 ± 171.6 ^bc	683.6 ± 119.8^c	1998.3 ± 251.7^ab	114.2	0.004
ET	2232.1 ± 304^d	2863.2 ± 218 ^bc	2456.3 ± 241^c	3542.1 ± 324^a	3054.3 ± 300^b	2550.3 ± 311^c	96.0	0.021	3832.1 ± 324^d	4456.2 ± 307.1^c	4023.2 ± 344^cd	4523.1 ± 348 ^bc	7845.1 ± 378^a	6123.1 ± 358^b	151	0.001
BA	34 ± 0.64^c	50 ± 0.96^a	40 ± 0.63^b	48 ± 0.85^a	41 ± 0.62^b	44 ± 0.7^b	22	0.001	64 ± 0.8^c	60 ± 0.63^d	71 ± 0.89^c	77 ± 0.99^b	80 ± 1.1^ab	85 ± 1.3^a	91	0.021
Leaf epidermal anatomy
AbSD	23.6 ± 1.15^a	17 ± 1.02^b	20.3 ± 1.2^ab	17 ± 0.5^b	16.6 ± 0.7^b	19.6 ± 0.8^ab	96.2	0.012	17.3 ± 0.8^a	11.6 ± 0.8^b	14.3 ± 0.9^ab	10.6 ± 0.7^c	8 ± 0.6^d	8.3 ± 0.6^d	184.2	0.001
AbSA	10,716.1 ± 247.5^a	7362.2 ± 133.7^b	9873.08 ± 253.5^ab	3050.07 ± 105.1^c	7572.60 ± 244.5^b	9671.09 ± 321.01^ab	81.4	0.031	4207.0 ± 267.5^ab	5732.04 ± 267.4^a	4364.7 ± 178.4^ab	3260.4 ± 118.4^b	2630.2 ± 109.9^c	3365.6 ± 188.7^b	94.1	0.021
AdSD	23.6 ± 1.08^a	17 ± 1.08^b	20.33 ± 1.2^ab	17 ± 0.8^b	16.66 ± 1.02^b	19.6 ± 1.4^ab	114.4	0.011	17.3 ± 0.6^a	11.67 ± 1.05^b	14.3 ± 0.7^ab	10.66 ± 0.7^b	8 ± 0.3^c	8.3 ± 0.5^c	97.9	0.014
AdSA	10,675.27^x ± 376.2^c	5442.8 ± 256.3^ab	10,359.7 ± 325.9^a	3102.66 ± 130.4^c	4627.70 ± 125.4^b	2734.5 ± 320.7^c	151.2	0.001	5258.75 ± 320.7^a	5732.04 ± 243.3^a	2944.90 ± 256.5^b	3996.65 ± 152.4^ab	2839.7 ± 146.5^b	2313.8 ± 220.7^c	141.2	0.015

Sites: KG Kanhati Mountains; KT Katha, SG Sargodha; HR Head Rasul; GW Gutwala; SA Salmani Adda; HT Head Trimu; CA Chock Azam; DA Darbar Anayat Shah; QN Qila Nawabdin; DF Derawer Fort; HP Hasilpur Morphology: SL shoot length; RL root length; SFW shoot fresh weight; RFW root fresh weight; SDW shoot dry weight; RDW root dry weight Root anatomy: ET epidermal thickness; CCA cortical cell area; PA phloem area; MA metaxylem area; PCA pith cell area; AA aerenchyma area Stem anatomy; CCA cortical cell area; MA metaxylem area; PA phloem area; VBA vascular bundle area Leaf blade anatomy; LT lamina thickness; MT midrib thickness; PA phloem area; MA metaxylem area; ET epidermal thickness; BA bulliform area Leaf epidermal anatomy; AbSD abaxial stomatal density; AbSA abaxial stomatal area; AdSD adaxial stomatal density; AdSA adaxial stomatal area