. 2023 Sep 21;29(8):1205–1224. doi: 10.1007/s12298-023-01351-3

Table 4.

Photosynthetic pigments, organic osmolytes and plant ionic contents of C. ciliaris inhabiting in different arid and semi-arid habitats. Values are presented in means ± standard error

	Semi-arid								Arid
	HR	KG	HT	KT	SG	GW	F value	P value	SA	CA	DA	HP	DF	QN	F value	P value
Photosynthetic pigments
Chlorophyll a	1.45 ± 0.04 ^bc	1.99 ± 0.10^ab	0.97 ± 0.03^c	1.03 ± 0.09^c	1.64 ± 0.02^b	2.13 ± 0.03^a	132.0	0.000	0.58 ± 0.03^a	0.49 ± 0.03^ab	0.30 ± 0.03^b	0.50 ± 0.03^a	0.41 ± 0.02^ab	0.22 ± 0.04^c	116.1	0.001
Chlorophyll b	0.99 ± 0.04^a	0.89 ± 0.04^ab	0.78 ± 0.03^b	0.46 ± 0.05^d	0.64 ± 0.05^c	0.78 ± 0.04^b	165.1	0.000	0.52 ± 0.04^ab	0.43 ± 0.02^b	0.57 ± 0.03^a	0.33 ± 0.01^c	0.42 ± 0.03^b	0.50 ± 0.04^ab	103.5	0.001
Carotenoid	0.07 ± 0.005^c	0.05 ± 0.005^c	0.054 ± 0.003^d	0.067 ± 0.006^b	0.08 ± 0.005^a	0.08 ± 0.004^a	201.1	0.000	0.04 ± 0.004^ab	0.065 ± 0.006^c	0.056 ± 0.005^a	0.045 ± 0.004^b	0.022 ± 0.002^d	0.028 ± 0.002^c	138.1	0.002
Organic osmolytes
Glycine betaine	66.51 ± 2.6^b	82 ± 5.7^ab	88.27 ± 3.3^a	87.60 ± 2.6^a	77.82 ± 2.0^ab	71.4 ± 2.05^b	91.13	0.001	109.3 ± 5.74^ab	89.28 ± 2.7^c	86.91 ± 4.32^c	90 ± 4.01^b	111.73 ± 5.1^ab	132.60 ± 4.2^a	164.2	0.000
Proline	46.01 ± 2.5^b	45.49 ± 2.5^b	45.29 ± 1.9^b	60.74 ± 2.6^a	55.54 ± 2.9^a	30.04 ± 2.7^c	121.18	0.000	69.29 ± 5.3^cd	51.41 ± 2.01^d	78.66 ± 2.7^c	87.56 ± 4.9^b	118.01 ± 5.1^a	102.30 ± 5.6^ab	78.2	0.002
Total soluble sugars	28.50 ± 2.4^c	29.77 ± 2.1^c	45.84 ± 2.1^a	39.83 ± 1.9^ab	32.28 ± 1.3^b	40.14 ± 2.1^ab	109.73	0.001	30.50 ± 2.1^a	18.26 ± 1.4^c	28.34 ± 2.5^ab	20.58 ± 1.3^c	19.92 ± 1.5^c	25.68 ± 2.2^b	132.1	0.000
Total soluble proteins	19.15 ± 1.1^b	11.10 ± 0.95^c	22.15 ± 1.7^ab	20.1 ± 1.2^b	23.62 ± 1.6^ab	27.36 ± 1.2^a	54.21	0.0021	18.67 ± 2.1^a	19.02 ± 1.7^a	15.81 ± 1.3^ab	7.38 ± 1.4^b	8.84 ± 0.86^b	3.91 ± 0.28^c	111.21	0.001
Total free amino acids	24.82 ± 2.9^c	34.75 ± 3.2^ab	30.71 ± 3.1^b	26.82 ± 1.9^c	39.88 ± 3.1^a	30.52 ± 1.9^b	130.0	0.021	41.99 ± 2.8^c	26.81 ± 2.6^d	48.05 ± 3.1^b	59.15 ± 3.9^ab	69.90 ± 4.06^a	50.14 ± 3.06^b	122.1	0.024
Ionic contents
Shoot Na⁺	29.37 ± 0.85^a	22.36 ± 1.5 ^bc	26.94 ± 1.7^ab	24.46 ± 2.3^b	20.95 ± 1.06^c	26.01 ± 1.8^ab	211.1	0.000	39.57 ± 1.1 ^bc	33.66 ± 1.9^c	31.17 ± 1.9^d	51.68 ± 2.1^a	47.12 ± 2.82^ab	42.19 ± 1.73^b	189.1	0.001
Root Na⁺	31.63 ± 1.73^ab	34.06 ± 1.7^a	30.54 ± 1.6^b	30.98 ± 2.2^b	27.54 ± 1.86^c	24.08 ± 1.6^d	179.36	0.012	40.05 ± 2.37^c	36.93 ± 1.9^cd	34.31 ± 2.4^d	50.32 ± 2.8^a	47.77 ± 2.4^b	34.26 ± 1.73^d	136.91	0.023
Shoot K⁺	16.06 ± 0.65^c	16.56 ± 0.43^c	20.53 ± 0.94^a	17.30 ± 0.86^b	18.56 ± 0.43^ab	14.57 ± 0.65^d	143.01	0.002	14.32 ± 0.43^ab	12.56 ± 0.89^b	10.81 ± 0.39^c	5.33 ± 0.57^cd	8.80 ± 0.49^d	15.31 ± 1.08^a	111.31	0.031
Root K⁺	17.28 ± 0.89^c	22.52 ± 0.43^ab	20.51 ± 0.65^b	18.28 ± 0.65^c	23.52 ± 0.65^a	20.53 ± 0.65^ab	98.34	0.023	15.27 ± 0.6^ab	12.49 ± 0.8^b	9.04 ± 0.6^cd	16.25 ± 0.43^a	7.02 ± 0.8^d	10.77 ± 0.6^c	112.35	0.001
Shoot Ca²⁺	9.56 ± 1.05 ^bc	14.46 ± 1.2^a	13.31 ± 1.2^ab	7.26 ± 0.8^c	5.26 ± 0.4^d	11.51 ± 0.9^b	136.26	0.000	21.56 ± 1.3^ab	20.36 ± 1.2^b	15.86 ± 1.2^c	14.56 ± 1.3^c	22.98 ± 1.4^a	18.56 ± 1.5^b	102.3	0.001
Root Ca²⁺	5.52 ± 0.5^b	4.80 ± 0.3^c	8.93 ± 0.5^a	5.90 ± 0.4^b	4.98 ± 0.5^c	7.20 ± 0.4^ab	121.60	0.019	6.73 ± 0.4^d	10.13b ± 0.49	10.65 ± 0.5^b	13.02 ± 0.7^ab	15.75 ± 0.7^a	8.38 ± 0.5^c	156.3	0.002

Sites: KG Kanhati Mountains; KT Katha; SG Sargodha; HR Head Rasul; GW Gutwala; SA Salmani Adda; HT Head Trimu; CA Chock Azam; DA Darbar Anayat Shah; QN Qila Nawabdin; DF Derawer Fort; HP Hasilpur