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. 2023 Sep 1;146(5):663–683. doi: 10.1007/s00401-023-02629-2

Table 1.

Characteristics of current platforms

Technology Year Type Spot size (μm) Tissue compatibility References
Visium 2016 Spatial barcoding 55 Cryopreserved, FFPE [181]
DBit-seq 2020 Spatial barcoding 10 Cryopreserved, FFPE [103]
Nanostring GeoMX DSP 2019 Spatial barcoding 10 Cryopreserved, FFPE [195]
Slide-seq2 2021 Spatial barcoding 10 Cryopreserved [184]
HDST 2019 Spatial barcoding 2 Cryopreserved [206]
Seq-scope 2021 Spatial barcoding 0.6 Cryopreserved [22]
Stereo-seq 2022 Spatial barcoding 0.22 Cryopreserved [19]
FIS-SEQ 2014 ISS Amplicon limited (0.5–1 μm) Cryopreserved [99]
HybISS 2020 ISS Amplicon limited (0.5–1 μm) Cryopreserved [60]
MERFISH 2015 ISH Diffraction limited (150–300 nm) Cryopreserved [20]
oSMFISH 2018 ISH Diffraction limited (150–300 nm) Cryopreserved [24]
seqFISH +  2019 ISH Diffraction limited (150–300 nm) Cryopreserved [38]

Most technologies that are capable of processing formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are at the lower end of the resolution, calling for more innovation to help achieve a similar resolution as cryopreserved tissues [19, 20, 22, 24, 38, 60, 99, 103, 181, 184, 195, 206]