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. 2023 Oct 10;13:17137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44203-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunohistochemical detection of DEF8 in frontal cortex sections of healthy subjects and AD patients. (a) Heat map of mean expression of DEF8 in each brain cell type: Exci. (Excitatory neurons), Inhib. (Inhibitory neurons), Astro. (astrocytes), Oligo. (oligodendrocytes), Opc. (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells), and Micro. (microglia) originated from Single-nucleus RNA-seq profiling of postmortem prefrontal cortex³³. Postmortem samples from the frontal cortex from control (24 individuals no-AD) and AD patients (24 individuals). (b,c) Confocal Z-stack images of human frontal brain cortex sections in control (healthy) and AD patients. A magnification from the merged images is shown in a dashed square. Bar = 10 µm. (b) Immunostaining shows the detection of Aβ (red, 4G8 immunostaining) and nucleus (blue, Dapi). (c) DEF8 (green) and the neuron marker NeuN (red). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Images represent three AD patients and three healthy subjects. (d) DEF8 burden intensity fluorescence quantification in frontal cortex sections from healthy subjects and AD patients. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05.