Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to their MIND diet score.
| MIND diet score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total (N = 6887) | Low (N = 3846) | High (N = 3041) | P-value |
| Age (years) | 47.13 ± 0.45 | 45.04 ± 0.43 | 49.66 ± 0.61 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| Male | 3181(46.19) | 1927(50.80) | 1254(39.13) | |
| Female | 3706(53.81) | 1919(49.20) | 1787(60.87) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 3809(55.31) | 2073(70.52) | 1736(75.53) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1333(19.36) | 847(13.64) | 486(8.67) | |
| Mexican American | 1272(18.47) | 671(7.74) | 601(8.20) | |
| Others | 473(6.87) | 255(8.10) | 218(7.60) | |
| Education level, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| Less than high school | 1831(26.59) | 1143(19.48) | 688(12.50) | |
| High school or equivalent | 1730(25.12) | 1079(30.83) | 651(21.49) | |
| College or above | 3326(48.29) | 1624(49.68) | 1702(66.01) | |
| Family income to poverty ratio, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| < 1 | 1077(15.64) | 679(13.06) | 398(8.82) | |
| ≥ 1 & < 3 | 2781(40.38) | 1636(37.41) | 1145(31.55) | |
| ≥ 3 | 2715(39.42) | 1352(45.02) | 1363(56.08) | |
| Unknown | 314(4.56) | 179(4.51) | 135(3.55) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| Never | 3526(51.2) | 1887(46.69) | 1639(53.92) | |
| Former | 1920(27.88) | 963(22.55) | 957(30.43) | |
| Current | 1441(20.92) | 996(30.76) | 445(15.65) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.07 | |||
| < 25.0 | 2082(30.71) | 1141(33.70) | 941(33.80) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 2356(34.75) | 1274(31.64) | 1082(34.85) | |
| ≥ 30.0 | 2341(34.53) | 1370(34.66) | 971(31.35) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| Sedentary | 1774(25.76) | 1114(21.93) | 660(15.03) | |
| Insufficient | 2621(38.06) | 1454(41.57) | 1167(41.41) | |
| Moderate | 1129(16.39) | 591(16.74) | 538(19.04) | |
| High | 1363(19.79) | 687(19.77) | 676(24.52) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1021(14.83) | 581(11.04) | 440(10.78) | 0.79 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2984(43.33) | 1687(38.06) | 1297(38.27) | 0.92 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 4954(71.93) | 2775(70.09) | 2179(69.96) | 0.93 |
| Heart failure | 264(3.83) | 166(2.87) | 98(2.34) | 0.37 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 498(7.24) | 289(5.81) | 209(5.10) | 0.32 |
| Myocardial infarction | 361(5.24) | 211(4.25) | 150(3.65) | 0.63 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 200.23 ± 0.70 | 198.60 ± 0.76 | 202.20 ± 1.25 | 0.02 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 142.74 ± 2.53 | 145.97 ± 3.38 | 138.86 ± 4.20 | 0.22 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 115.77 ± 0.84 | 115.81 ± 1.25 | 115.72 ± 1.33 | 0.96 |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.47 ± 0.02 | 5.47 ± 0.02 | 5.46 ± 0.02 | 0.48 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 5.65 ± 0.04 | 5.63 ± 0.05 | 5.68 ± 0.06 | 0.38 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 93.13 ± 0.66 | 94.95 ± 0.60 | 90.91 ± 0.84 | < 0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.53 ± 0.45 | 98.21 ± 0.47 | 96.71 ± 0.63 | 0.03 |
| Energy intake (Kcal) | 2117.02 ± 15.62 | 2159.73 ± 17.75 | 2065.08 ± 23.42 | 0.001 |
| DAPT | 8(0.12) | 4(0.09) | 4(0.04) | 0.40 |
| Statin therapy | 1073(15.59) | 576(13.13) | 497(13.95) | 0.45 |
| Hypoglycemic treatment | 630(9.16) | 357(6.62) | 273(6.58) | 0.94 |
Data are presented as weighted means ± SEs for continuous variables and unweighted numbers (weighted percentages) for categorical variables.
MIND diet Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet, BMI Body mass index, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c Glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, DAPT Dual antiplatelet therapy.