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. 2023 Oct 10;14:6341. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42138-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Experimental design. b Schematic illustrating infarct placement relative to caudal (CFA) and rostral (RFA) forelimb areas in motor cortex. Axes indicate mm relative to Bregma. c Performance on the reaching task. GFAP-TK + GCV mice showed significantly worse recovery relative to control mice (Two-way ANOVA, significant group x time interaction, F(6, 72) = 4.7, p < 0.001). *p = 0.026, **p = 0.005, ***p = 0.0002, post-hoc Bonferroni tests. d Lesion volume was not different between groups (t(22) = 1.5, p = 0.159). Two-tailed t test. n = 13 control, 11 GFAP-TK + GCV mice. e Lesion reconstructions. f–j Altered spine dynamics. f New spine formation was significantly higher in control mice on day 14 (Two-factor mixed-effects model, significant time x group interaction, F(4,52) = 4.1, p = 0.006). *p = 0.011, Sidak’s multiple comparison tests between groups for each day. g Spine elimination was not significantly different (Two-factor mixed-effects model, group effect, F(1, 66) = 1.2, p = 0.285). n = 8 mice/group. h Longitudinal images of dendritic spines illustrating formation (green), persistence of new spines (yellow), and elimination (red). i Survival of new spines was reduced in GFAP-TK + GCV mice. Two-factor mixed-effects model and post-hoc Sidak’s multiple comparison tests, *p = 0.038, ***p < 0.0001. n = 8 mice/group. j Spine survival was correlated with behavioral performance on the final day of testing. Linear regression, F(1,8) = 6.1, p = 0.038. n = 5 mice/group. k Representative images of peri-infarct vasculature. l Peri-infarct vessel density was reduced in GFAP-TK + GCV mice (**t(22) = 3.3, p = 0.004). Two-tailed t test. n = 13 control, n = 11 GFAP-TK + GCV mice. m Representative blood flow maps. n Peri-infarct blood flow was reduced in GFAP-TK + GCV mice (Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Sidak’s multiple comparison tests, group effect F(1, 14) = 32.98, p < 0.0001). *p = 0.020, **p = 0.0014. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Where individual datapoints are shown, datapoints representing males are shown as circles; datapoints representing females are shown as squares. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.