Figure 1.

Mechanisms of NET production and potential therapeutic targets. NET-inducing stimuli converge on the production of reactive oxygen species, which activate neutrophil proteases and enzymes to cause downstream nuclear envelope breakdown and chromatin decondensation. The release of NETs either involves cell death with the extrusion of DNA-bound proteins or the exocytosis of NET components through the cell membrane from viable neutrophils. We have also indicated steps in this pathway which have been therapeutically targeted. This Figure was created using BioRender.com.