Table 2.

A proposed rubric to define NBIs based on form and function.

Definition of narrative-based interventions
Form	Narrative-based interventions can be creative/artistic [e.g., expressive writing or scrapbooking; see Garcia-Pelegrin et al. (2021) for theoretical reasoning] or a more specific and manualized protocol (e.g., NET or Narrative Reconstruction). Narrative-based writing protocols, such as expressive or creative writing about an experience or one’s life story more generally, are notably different from fact-focused or Socratic questioning writing protocols, such as the guidelines used in CPT for PTSD (Resick, 1992; Resick and Schnicke, 1992, 1993).
	Narrative-based interventions are often dynamic (e.g., there is not necessarily an “endpoint”), as integration and meaning-making from experiential information into a coherent life narrative is a constant and ever-changing process for each individual (Fivush et al., 2017). This dynamic quality is also in alignment with the reconstructive nature of AM, which is influenced by both an individual’s internalized story and how that story is nested within sociocultural stories writ large (Bartlett, 1932).
Function	Narrative-based interventions work to build coherence in autobiographical memories at both a local resolution (e.g., the most traumatic moment) and a global resolution (e.g., one’s life narrative).
	Narrative-based interventions aim to integrate traumatic memories into an individual’s life narrative in a meaningful way, a process of reappraisal and assimilation in order to incorporate new and traumatic information into prior autobiographical information. According to Hartog et al. (2017), this narrative integration process hinges on the ability to derive a narrative identity and meaning from the “randomness” of life events that may have conflicted with an individual’s previous worldview in order to form a coherent life narrative. Notably, the integration of meaning-making into one’s adjusted worldview is often achieved through narrative processing (e.g., the stories we tell ourselves and each other) and is aimed at reducing negative future contingencies while simultaneously embracing “new possibilities” due to the traumatic experience.