Table 3.
Association between participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the three classes of PCC symptoms (n=3039, reference group=people without PCC)
| Characteristics | Class 1 OR (95% CI) |
Class 2 OR (95% CI) |
Class 3 OR (95% CI) |
| ‘Loss of smell and taste’ | ‘Neurological symptoms’ | ‘Multiple symptoms’ | |
| Sex, women (ref=men) | 1.41 (0.81; 2.68) | 1.90 (1.38; 2.59), p=0.001 | 2.73 (1.85; 4.03), p=0. 001 |
| Educational status, secondary school or below (ref=higher education) | 0.96 (0.79; 1.17) | 0.70 (0.52; 0.94), p=0.002 | 1.54 (1.38; 1.77), p=0.02 |
| BMI (ref=normal) | |||
| Overweight | 1.14 (0.93; 1.39) | 1.15 (0.82; 1.58) | 1.69 (1.13; 2.52), p=0.04 |
| Obesity | 1.26 (0.98; 1.59) | 1.16 (0.79; 1.69) | 2.12 (1.37; 3.26), p=0.001 |
| Chronic disease, yes (ref=no) | 1.86 (1.32; 2.62), p=0.002 | 1.40 (0.80; 2.43) | 2.02 (1.15; 3.54), p=0.001 |
| History of mental health problem, yes (ref=no) | 1.19 (0.68; 2.06) | 1.74 (1.25; 2.41), p=0.006 | 0.75 (0.36; 1.55) |
| At least one acute symptom, yes (ref=no) | 2.30 (1.63; 3.23), p=0.007 | 1.41 (0.78; 1.87) | 4.69 (1.70; 8.49), p=0.003 |
| Hospitalisation following COVID-19 infection, yes (ref=no) | 2.26 (1.27; 4.01), p=0.002 | 1.24 (0.41; 3.72) | 3.79 (1.64; 8.76), p=0.001 |
| Smoking habits, (ref=no) | |||
| Yes, everyday | 1.34 (0.98; 1.84) | 1.18 (0.71; 1.96) | 1.66 (0.97; 2.86) |
| Yes, occasionally | 1.17 (0.81; 1.70) | 1.40 (0.80; 2.45) | 1.43 (0.72; 2.81) |
| At least 2 days per week with 10 min of physical activity (ref=yes) | 1.54 (1.15; 2.06), p=0.003 | 1.14 (0.96; 1.36) | 1.13 (0.80; 1.58) |
BMI, body mass index; PCC, post COVID-19 condition.