Table 1.
Incidence of traumatic brain injury in 1990 and 2019, and percentage changes of age-standardised rates by location, 1990–2019
| Location | Incidence | ||||
| Numbers (95% UI) | Age-standardised rates per 100 000 (95% UI) | Percentage change of age-standardised rates (95% UI) | |||
| (Year 1990) | (Year 2019) | (Year 1990) | (Year 2019) | (Year 1990–Year 2019) | |
| Global | 1 88 53 869 (1 62 15 389 to 2 18 06 108) | 2 71 60 708 (2 33 57 251 to 3 14 15 052) | 366 (317 to 421) | 346 (298 to 401) | −5.5% (−8.9% to −3.0%) |
| High-income North America | 11 20 251 (9 15 712 to 13 86 641) | 13 43 020 (11 30 550 to 16 33 382) | 392 (318 to 491) | 339 (280 to 416) | −13.7% (−17.1% to −10.0%) |
| Australasia | 1 43 293 (1 21 566 to 1 72 676) | 2 27 584 (1 94 914 to 2 70 506) | 710 (596 to 863) | 729 (613 to 889) | 2.6% (−0.9% to 6.0%) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 6 82 610 (5 76 222 to 8 18 678) | 6 84 210 (5 85 181 to 8 07 782) | 386 (326 to 468) | 337 (282 to 414) | −12.8% (−15.8% to −9.6%) |
| Western Europe | 19 00 129 (16 58 576 to 22 11 597) | 22 11 884 (18 87 690 to 26 13 432) | 459 (398 to 536) | 413 (352 to 494) | −10.0% (−13.2% to −6.4%) |
| Southern Latin America | 2 02 139 (1 74 596 to 2 38 831) | 2 82 368 (2 45 426 to 3 31 894) | 409 (354 to 481) | 420 (363 to 497) | 2.9% (0.0% to 5.8%) |
| Eastern Europe | 21 11 822 (18 29 230 to 24 31 948) | 15 96 337 (13 80 438 to 18 51 604) | 913 (788 to 1057) | 737 (633 to 857) | −19.3% (−20.9% to −17.5%) |
| Central Europe | 10 50 449 (9 18 891 to 12 08 699) | 8 60 390 (7 50 474 to 9 86 981) | 846 (738 to 979) | 729 (631 to 857) | −13.8% (−16.4% to −11.0%) |
| Central Asia | 2 86 651 (2 49 571 to 3 32 136) | 3 54 124 (3 07 249 to 4 10 664) | 410 (358 to 472) | 374 (325 to 433) | −8.7% (−11.1% to −6.5%) |
| Central Latin America | 6 14 132 (5 14 302 to 7 38 706) | 7 65 677 (6 49 993 to 9 07 182) | 369 (315 to 437) | 306 (260 to 363) | −17.2% (−21.4% to −14.1%) |
| Andean Latin America | 1 03 322 (87 106 to 1 27 542) | 1 54 311 (1 35 039 to 1 78 003) | 268 (229 to 325) | 243 (213 to 279) | −9.5% (−23.6% to 0.1%) |
| Caribbean | 1 04 915 (91 947 to 1 19 513) | 1 55 545 (1 37 052 to 1 77 959) | 299 (263 to 338) | 325 (286 to 373) | 8.5% (4.6% to 12.2%) |
| Tropical Latin America | 4 02 255 (3 23 726 to 4 99 391) | 5 25 871 (4 27 539 to 6 47 705) | 261 (213 to 323) | 231 (187 to 286) | −11.5% (−14.6% to −8.6%) |
| East Asia | 1777 529 (14 57 606 to 21 80 900) | 34 12 591 (28 24 709 to 41 37 435) | 146 (120 to 178) | 207 (170 to 253) | 41.5% (34.7% to 48.6%) |
| Southeast Asia | 12 21 270 (10 35 226 to 14 28 941) | 16 53 210 (14 30 159 to 19 07 523) | 270 (232 to 312) | 246 (213 to 284) | −8.8% (−13.7% to −5.1%) |
| Oceania | 12 373 (10 780 to 14 206) | 29 408 (25 561 to 33 939) | 213 (186 to 242) | 244 (214 to 280) | 14.8% (11.1% to 18.8%) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 12 82 547 (10 94 820 to 15 00 156) | 19 11 495 (16 24 871 to 23 05 162) | 373 (320 to 432) | 319 (272 to 382) | −14.5% (−24.8% to −4.0%) |
| South Asia | 43 00 736 (36 94 519 to 49 84 977) | 87 75 756 (75 23 034 to 1 01 53 936) | 450 (388 to 515) | 508 (438 to 587) | 13.1% (9.7% to 16.1%) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 1 15 447 (93 813 to 1 40 794) | 1 47 127 (1 20 571 to 1 77 386) | 233 (192 to 280) | 190 (157 to 230) | −18.4% (−21.4% to −15.8%) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 3 82 027 (3 11 502 to 4 64 214) | 9 11 247 (7 45 370 to 11 10 360) | 224 (187 to 269) | 233 (194 to 277) | 3.6% (−0.4% to 6.6%) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 9 15 689 (6 14 243 to 15 58 449) | 9 04 591 (7 57 646 to 10 80 346) | 491 (344 to 789) | 246 (209 to 286) | −49.8% (−67.5% to −30.4%) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 1 24 283 (1 03 595 to 1 54 993) | 2 53 964 (2 18 605 to 2 93 993) | 244 (207 to 294) | 217 (189 to 246) | −11.3% (−19.9% to −5.1%) |
UI, uncertainty interval.