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. 2023 Oct 6;2(1):e000651. doi: 10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000651

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Proportional incident use of second line antihyperglycaemic drugs in United States national databases, United States health system. CCAE=IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Data; CUIMC=Columbia University Irving Medical Centre; DPP-4i=dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; FLPD=France Longitudinal Patient Database; GDA=Germany Disease Analyser; GLP-1 RA=glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; HIC=Health Informatics Centre at the University of Dundee; JHM=Johns Hopkins Medicine; MDCR=IBM Health MarketScan Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits Database; OCEDM=Optum Clinformatics Extended Data Mart-Date of Death; OEHR=Optum de-identified Electronic Health Record Dataset; SGLT2i=sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; SIDIAP=Information System for Research in Primary Care; STARR=Stanford Medicine; SU=sulfonylurea; USOC=United States Open Claims; VA=Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System