TABLE 3.
Antidepressants as substrates of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and p-glycoprotein (p-gp). X–effects shown in animal and human studies; ((X))—effect shown in animal studies but is not confirmed in human and human cell studies; X!—strong effect; X?—effect demonstrated in animal studies, but no clinical trials or studies on human cells have been conducted so far (Siwek, 2023).
| CYP450 substrate | P-gp substrate | |
|---|---|---|
| Agomelatine | 1A2 > 2C19/2C9 | X |
| Amitriptyline | 2D6/3A4/2C19 | ((X)) |
| >1A2/2C9/2B6/2C8 | ||
| Bupropion | 2B6 > 2E1 | — |
| Citalopram | 2C19 > 3A4/2D6 | X |
| Duloxetine | 1A2/2D6 >2C9 | — |
| Escitalopram | 2C19 >3A4/2D6 | X |
| Fluoxetine | 2D6 >3A4/3A5, | ((X)) |
| /2C9/2C19, 2B6/1A2 | ||
| Mirtazapine | 3A4 >2D6/1A2 | |
| Moclobemide | 2C19> 2D6 | |
| Paroxetine | 2D6 >3A4/1A2/2C19 | X |
| Reboxetine | 3A4 > 2D6 | — |
| Sertraline | 2C19 > 2C9, 3A4 | X! |
| Trazodone | 3A4 > 2D6, 1A2 | X |
| Venlafaxine | 2D6 > 3A4 | — |
| Mianserin | 2D6 > 3A4 | — |