Table 2.
Characteristics of the teens/adults at baseline (T0) overall and in the different preasthma-related hospitalization trajectories.
| Characteristic | All (N=416) | No use (n=134) | Increasing use (n=45) | Mild use (n=100) | High use (n=82) | Very high use (n=55) | P value | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics |
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Gender, n (%) |
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Male | 162 (38.9) | 56 (41.8) | 18 (40.0) | 36 (36.0) | 27 (32.9) | 25 (45.5) | .55 |
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Age at baseline (years), mean (SD) | 45.7 (22.5) | 37.5 (21.1) | 44.0 (21.0) | 44.6 (23.5) | 54.0 (21.1) | 56.8 (18.5) |
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Age group, n (%) |
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<.001 | |
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11-35 years | 148 (35.6) | 75 (56.0) | 15 (33.3) | 36 (36.0) | 16 (19.5) | 6 (10.9) |
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36-50 years | 88 (21.2) | 24 (17.9) | 14 (31.1) | 20 (20.0) | 17 (20.7) | 13 (23.6) |
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51-70 years | 110 (26.4) | 22 (16.4) | 10 (22.2) | 24 (24.0) | 30 (36.6) | 24 (43.6) |
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≥71 years | 70 (16.8) | 13 (9.7) | 6 (13.3) | 20 (20.0) | 19 (23.2) | 12 (21.8) |
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Free access to care status, n (%) | 56 (13.5) | 14 (10.4) | 7 (15.6) | 22 (22.0) | 6 (7.3) | 7 (12.7) | .04 | |
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Chronic disease status for asthma, n (%) | 64 (15.4) | 4 (3.0) | 6 (13.3) | 12 (12.0) | 21 (25.6) | 21 (38.2) | <.001 | |
| Health care resource utilization before ARHa (12 months) | |||||||||
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Respiratory physician or pediatrician visits |
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<.001 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 160 (38.5) | 37 (27.6) | 22 (48.9) | 43 (43.0) | 40 (48.8) | 18 (32.7) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 0.9 (1.8) | 0.5 (1.2) | 1.2 (2.1) | 0.9 (1.6) | 1.2 (1.8) | 0.9 (3.0) |
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Pulmonary function testing |
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<.001 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 125 (30.0) | 7 (5.2) | 15 (33.3) | 30 (30.0) | 39 (47.6) | 34 (61.8) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 0.6 (1.2) | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.7 (1.5) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.9 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.7) |
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ERb visits |
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.19 | |
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Patients, n (%) | 137 (32.9) | 43 (32.1) | 14 (31.1) | 42 (42.0) | 26 (31.7) | 12 (21.8) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 0.6 (1.2) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.6 (1.8) | 0.8 (1.5) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.7) |
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ARH |
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.89 | |
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Patients, n (%) | 12 (2.9) | 3 (2.2) | 2 (4.4) | 2 (2.0) | 3 (3.7) | 2 (3.6) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.8) |
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| Asthma therapy |
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ICSsc |
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<.001 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 130 (31.3) | 19 (14.2) | 12 (26.7) | 40 (40.0) | 32 (39.0) | 27 (49.1) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 1.3 (3.6) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.7) | 1.3 (2.5) | 1.6 (2.9) | 3.7 (7.8) |
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FDCsd of ICSs/LABAse |
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<.001 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 212 (51.0) | 24 (17.9) | 21 (46.7) | 60 (60.0) | 61 (74.4) | 46 (83.6) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 3.4 (5.3) | 0.3 (0.8) | 1.4 (2.0) | 2.4 (2.8) | 5.7 (5.2) | 10.9 (7.9) |
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LABAs (in a separate canister) |
|
.05 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 49 (11.8) | 7 (5.2) | 6 (13.3) | 15 (15.0) | 11 (13.4) | 10 (18.2) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 0.9 (3.3) | 0.4 (2.0) | 1.2 (3.9) | 0.7 (2.2) | 0.8 (2.7) | 2.6 (6.2) |
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LTRAsf |
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<.001 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 104 (25.0) | 7 (5.2) | 11 (24.4) | 23 (23.0) | 32 (39.0) | 31 (56.4) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 1.7 (3.8) | 0.3 (1.8) | 1.6 (3.5) | 1.2 (2.9) | 2.2 (3.9) | 5.6 (5.9) |
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SABAsg |
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<.001 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 259 (62.3) | 49 (36.6) | 25 (55.6) | 79 (79.0) | 62 (75.6) | 44 (80.0) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 3.9 (6.9) | 1.0 (2.3) | 4.5 (7.8) | 3.5 (3.6) | 4.6 (5.8) | 9.9 (13.3) |
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Respiratory antibiotics |
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<.001 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 293 (70.4) | 86 (64.2) | 28 (62.2) | 71 (71.0) | 58 (70.7) | 50 (90.9) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 5.0 (7.6) | 2.8 (3.6) | 3.6 (5.5) | 4.6 (7.1) | 6.3 (7.9) | 9.7 (12.9) |
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OCSsh |
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<.001 | ||||||
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Patients, n (%) | 231 (55.5) | 58 (43.3) | 26 (57.8) | 60 (60.0) | 54 (65.9) | 33 (60.0) |
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Number, mean (SD) | 2.4 (5.8) | 1.2 (3.5) | 2.9 (5.5) | 1.9 (3.2) | 3.7 (9.1) | 4.0 (7.4) |
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Cumulative OCS dose in mg equivalent prednisone, mean (SD) | 695.5 (1319.4) | 350.5 (703.5) | 806.3 (1476.6) | 702.2 (1072.3) | 797.1 (1163.5) | 1281.9 (2360.4) | <.001 | |
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|
ICS/R03i ratio, n (%) |
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<.001 | |
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0 | 44 (10.6) | 28 (20.9) | 6 (13.3) | 8 (8.0) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) |
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<0.5 | 168 (40.4) | 19 (14.2) | 17 (37.8) | 50 (50.0) | 42 (51.2) | 40 (72.7) |
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≥0.5 | 112 (26.9) | 19 (14.2) | 9 (20.0) | 35 (35.0) | 36 (43.9) | 13 (23.6) |
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Not assessablej | 92 (22.1) | 68 (50.7) | 13 (28.9) | 7 (7.0) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (3.6) |
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aARH: asthma-related hospitalization.
bER: emergency room.
cICS: inhaled corticosteroid.
dFDC: fixed-dose combination.
eLABA: long-acting beta agonist.
fLTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonist.
gSABA: short-acting β2 agonist.
hOCS: oral corticosteroid.
iR03: group of medications used in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification).
jPatients not receiving any respiratory therapy.