(A) Macrocircuit. SC receives direct excitatory input from LIP and the
FEF. It receives tonic inhibitory input from the SNr, an output nucleus of the
basal ganglia. SC projects indirectly to the FEF and LIP via thalamic nuclei
medio-dorsalis (MD) and pulvinar (Pulv.), respectively. LIP and FEF are
reciprocally connected. FEF and LIP inhibit SNr by exciting neurons in the
caudate nucleus that inhibit SNr.
(B) A possible mechanism that determines termination events in SC. The
tonic inhibitory input from SNr to SC prevents bursts caused by LIP upticks to
generate a saccade. The first uptick shown in LIP (top dark segment) leads to a
non-saccadic burst because SNr activity is still substantial. The second uptick
is associated with suppressed activity in SNr, unleashing SC to fire a large
saccadic burst. The FEF is not shown in this panel because single-trial firing
rates have yet to be elucidated from this structure and the trial-averaged
activity is similar to that in both SC and LIP.