Table 1.
Overview over content of baseline, follow-up and non-responder questionnaires/interviews
Source: Gesundheit 65+
| Constructs, Measurement | Instrument/Source | Assessment timepoint | Non-responder questionnaire |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health status | |||
| Self-perceived health | MEHM [35, 36] | T0 – T3 | x |
| Change of self-perceived health | Self-developed close-ended question | T1 – T3 | |
| Chronic disease | MEHM [35, 36] | T0 | x |
| List of age relevant chronic diseases or conditions (past 12 month) | from EHIS [37] | T0, T3a | |
| Cancer (lifetime) and cancer treatment (past 12 months) | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Other chronic diseases with current treatment or impairment of daily life | Self-developed open-ended question | T0, T3 | |
| Pain intensity in the last 4 weeks, duration | SF-36 Health Survey [38], Deutscher Schmerzfragebogen (German Pain Questionnaire) [39] |
T0, T3 | |
| Appetite and loss of appetite (past 12 month) | Adapted from Health ABC study [40, 41] | T0, T3 | |
| (Unintentional) weight loss (past 12 month) | According to Fried et al. [42] | T0, T3 | |
| COVID-19 related questions | |||
| Infection | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 – T3b | x |
| Treatment | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 – T3b | |
| Vaccination, intention | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 – T3b | x (only vaccination) |
| Adherence to containment measures | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Unmet support related to personal care or household activities | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Burdens in the pandemic | Self-developed close-ended question | T2 | |
| Functional impairments | |||
| Difficulty in seeing | From EHIS [37] | T0 | |
| Difficulty in hearing | From EHIS [37] | T0 | |
| Difficulty in mobility (walking, climbing stairs) | From EHIS [37] | T0 – T3 | x (only walking) |
| Difficulty in biting and chewing | From EHIS [37] | T0, T3 | |
| T0 = baseline, T1 = 4-month follow-up, T2 = 8-month follow-up, T3 = 12-month follow-up, EHIS = European Health Interview Survey, Health ABC study = Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, MEHM = Minimum European Health Module, SF-36 = 36-item Short-Form-Health Survey, a including cancer, b some differences exist in wording | |||
| Constructs, Measurement | Instrument/Source | Assessment timepoint | Non-responder questionnaire |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional impairments | |||
| History of falls (past 12 months) | Adapted from PROFANE [43] | T0 – T3 | |
| Subjective memory impairment | From AgeCoDe-Study [44] | T0 – T3 | x |
| Dizziness or vertigo (past 12 months) | Adapted from NHANES [45] | T0 | |
| Urinary incontinence (past 12 months) | From EHIS [37] | T0 | |
| Fecal incontinence (past 4 weeks) | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Shortness of breath | MRC Breathlessness Scale [46, 47] | T0 | |
| Activity limitations | MEHM [35, 36] | T0 | x |
| Difficulties with activities related to personal care: basal activities of daily living, ADL | According to Katz et al. [48]; from EHIS [37] | T0 – T3 | |
| Difficulties with household activities: instrumental activities of daily living, IADL | According to Lawton and Brody [49]; from EHIS [37] | T0 – T3 | |
| Officially recognized disability | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Long-term care benefits (German: Pflegegrad) | Self-developed close-ended question | T0, T2, T3 | x |
| Health care | |||
| Type of health insurance | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Hospital admissions (past 12 months) | From EHIS [37] | T0 – T3 | |
| Emergency care visits (past 12 months) | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | x |
| Process quality of primary care | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Vaccination against flu (last time) | From EHIS [37] | T0 | |
| Number of prescribed medications | Self-developed close-ended question | T0, T3 | x |
| List of health care products | Adapted from NRW80+ [50] | T0 | |
| Use of assistive devices, fitness trackers, wearables | Adapted from Bitkom [51] | T0 | |
| Psychological assessment | |||
| Depressive symptoms (past 2 weeks) | PHQ-2 [52] | T0 – T3 | |
| Health related quality of life: single question on energy (past 4 weeks) | SF-12 [53, 54] | T0, T3 | |
| Quality of life: two questions on autonomy and on satisfaction | WHOQOL-OLD [55] | T0 – T3 | |
| with social participation | |||
| Self-perceived current life satisfaction | Adopted from SOEP [56] | T0 – T3 | |
| Loneliness | According to R-UCLA [57], from SHARE [58] | T0 – T3 | |
| General self-efficacy expectancy | GSE-3 [59, 60] | T0 | |
| Health literacy – Healthcare: two questions on appraise information and understand information | HLS-EU [61] | T0 | |
| T0 = baseline, T1 = 4-month follow-up, T2 = 8-month follow-up, T3 = 12-month follow-up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, AgeCoDe-Study = Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients Study, EHIS = European Health Interview Survey, GSE-3 = General Self-Efficacy Short Scale-3, HLS-EU = European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, MEHM = Minimum European Health Module, MRC = Medical Research Council, NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NRW80+ = Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden hochaltriger Menschen in NRW, Repräsentativbefragung NRW80 (German: representative panel study on quality of life and well-being of very old adults conducted in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany), PHQ-2 = 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, PROFANE = Prevention of Falls Network Europe, R-UCLA = Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, SHARE: Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, SF-12 = 12-item Short-Form-Health Survey, SOEP = Socio-Economic Panel, WHOQOL-OLD = World Health Organization Quality Of Life -Older Adults Module | |||
| Constructs, Measurement | Instrument/Source | Assessment timepoint | Non-responder questionnaire |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health behaviors | |||
| Health awareness: single item | HSC [62] | T0 | x |
| Physical activity and exercise (past 3 months) | From DEGS1 [63] | T0 – T3 | |
| Current smoking status | From DEGS1 [64] | T0 | |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption | From EHIS [37] | T0 | |
| Alcohol consumption (past 12 month, past 7 days) | From EHIS [37] and from SHARE [58] | T0 | |
| Body mass index according to self-reported height in cm and weight in kg | From EHIS [37] | T0, T3 | |
| Social environment | |||
| Social support | OSS-3 [65] | T0 – T3 | |
| Participation: List of activities | According to NHATS [66] | T0 – T3 | |
| Informal care and burden of care | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 – T3 | x (only informal care) |
| Frequency of leaving the house (past month) | According to NHATS [67] | T0 – T3 | |
| Support with activities related to personal care: basal activities of daily living, ADL | From EHIS [37] | T0 – T3 | |
| Support with household activities: instrumental activities of daily living, IADL | From EHIS [37] | T0 – T3 | |
| Socio-demographics | |||
| Month and year of birth, sex | Self-developed close-ended question and register-based information | T0 – T3 | x |
| Marital status | Self-developed close-ended question and register-based information | T0 – T3 | |
| Partnership | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 – T3 | x |
| Household size | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Type of housing | Self-developed close-ended question | T0, T3 | |
| Education | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | x (only school education) |
| Country of birth | Self-developed close-ended question and register-based information | T0 | |
| Net household income | Self-developed close-ended question | T0 | |
| Financial constraints (Inability to make ends meet) | From EU-SILC [68, 69] | T0, T3 | |
| T0 = baseline, T1 = 4-month follow-up, T2 = 8-month follow-up, T3 = 12-month follow-up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, DEGS1 = German health interview and examination survey for adults (2008 – 2011), EHIS = European Health Interview Survey, EU-SILC = EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, HSC = Health Consciousness Scale, IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, NHATS = National Health and Aging Trends Study, OSS-3 = Oslo-3 Social Support Scale, SHARE: Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe | |||