Table 6.
Complication, graft survival, and limb function reported in other studies
| Author | n | Type of graft | Complication | Graft removal | Limb function | |||||
| Rate | Detail | Risk | Rate | Detail | Risk | MSTS | Factor | |||
| Bus et al. [7] | 87 | AL (IC) | 76% | NU (40%), FX (29%), INF (14%) | Tibia and IM nail for NU | 17% | FX (6%), INF (5%), NU (5%), R (2%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hornicek et al. [18] | 945 | AL (OA, IC, AD, and C) | N/A | INF (18.7%), NU (17.3%), FX (11.9%) | age (> 25 y) with CTX for NU | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Aponte-Tinao et al. [2] | 198 | AL (OA and IC) | 58% | FX (15%), INF (14%), NU (12%), R (7%) | N/A | 40% (10 y) | FX (13%), INF (11%), R (7%) | OA and IC (tibia) | 87% (47%-100%) | N/A |
| Sanders et al. [33] | 131 | AL (IC) | 63% | Soft tissue (5%), NU (16%), FX (19%), IF (6%), INF (6%), R (11%) | IM nail only, nonbridging plate for NU | N/A | Soft tissue, NU, FX: 14% (10 y), INF: 5% (15 y) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Puerta-GarciaSandoval et al. [30] | 45 | AL (C) | 23% | INF (4%), R (16%), soft tissue failure (7%), AL (9%), IF (2%), NU (2%) | N/A | 20% | N/A | Stages IIA to IIIa | Femur (79%), tibia (76%) | N/A |
| Donati et al. [11] | 62 | AL (C) | 52% | INF (24%), extensor mechanism (15%), delayed union (13%) | N/A | 27% | INF (19%), local R (5%), AL (3%) | N/A | Score > 65% (90%) | N/A |
| Abdeen et al. [1] | 36 | AL (C) | 11% | Superficial INF (3%), AL (8%) | N/A | 8% | AL (6%), NU (3%) | N/A | 87% | Intra-articular resection |
| Van de Sande et al. [44] | 38 | AL (OA and C) | 32% | INF (8%), FX (8%), NU (5%), R (8%) | N/A | 42% | N/A | N/A | OA (77%), C (72%) | Preserving the adductor mechanism |
| Wu et al. [46] | 164 | IR, FZ (OA, IC, AD, HC, C) | IR (44%), FZ (40%) | IR: R (16%), NU (10%), INF (8%), soft tissue failure (8%); FZ: NU (13%), R (11%), FX (6%) | N/A | IR:83% (5 y), FZ: 84% (5 y) | IR: IF (1%), FX (1%), INF (4%), R (9%); FZ: FX (1%), INF (2%), R (7%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Moran et al. [27] | 11 | IR (C) | 36% | NU (18%), R (18%) | N/A | 0% | N/A | 66% | N/A | |
| Outani et al. [28] | 87 | IR (OA, IC, AD, C) | 65% | Soft tissue (9%), NU (7%), structural failure (16%), INF (15%), R (2%) | N/A | 16% | INF (5%), R (2%), NU (2%), FX (1%) | N/A | UE (73%), LE (83%) | N/A |
| Sugiura et al. [36] | 46 | PZ (OA, IC, C) | 45% | INF (13%), FX (15%), NU (17%) | VFG for NU and absorption | 7% | INF (4%), R (2%) | no | 83% | HC |
| Lee et al. [23] | 278 | PZ (OA, IC, AD, HC, C) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 38% | INF (13%), NU (7%), FX (6%), R (4%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Ikuta et al. [19] | 24 | PZ (IC) | 75% | NU (58%), INF (13%), absorption (21%), FX (4%) | N/A | 25% | INF (8%), NU (4%), R (13%) | N/A | 76% | N/A |
| This study | 310 | IR, PZ, FZ (IC, C) | 42% (5 y) | NU (21%), INF (20%), IF (14%), R (10%) | Long resection (≥ 15 cm) for all complication, male and non-VG for NU | 16% | INF (6%), R (5%), NU (2%), IF (2%), FX (1%) | N/A | 88% | Age (< 40 y), femur, tibia, no complication, no graft removal |
aEnneking staging. AL = allograft; IR = irradiated; FZ = freezing; PZ = pasteurized; IC = intercalary; OA = osteoarticular; C = composite; AD = arthrodesis; HC = hemicortical; N/A = not available; NU = nonunion; FX = fracture; INF = infection; R = recurrence; IF = implant failure; AL = aseptic loosening; IM = intramedullary nail; CTX = chemotherapy; VFG = vascularized fibular graft; VG = vascularized graft.