Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of Patients Who Filled an Additional Opioid Prescription and Who Had Prolonged Opioid Use >6 months Postoperatively
| Variable | Total, N = 1,383 | No Second Opioid Rx, N = 921 | Filled a Second Opioid Rx, N = 462 | P | No Prolonged Opioid Use, N = 1,234 | Prolonged >6-mo Opioid Use, N = 149 | P |
| Age (SD) | 50.2 (16.9) | 47.7 (17.2) | 55.3 (15.1) | <0.001 | 49.2 (17.1) | 58.3 (12.8) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.009 | 0.507 | |||||
| Female | 596 (43.1%) | 374 (40.6%) | 223 (48.2%) | 528 (42.8%) | 69 (46.0%) | ||
| Male | 787 (56.9%) | 547 (59.4%) | 240 (51.8%) | 706 (57.2%) | 81 (54.0%) | ||
| BMI (SD) | 28.1 (5.5) | 27.6 (5.16) | 29.0 (5.90) | <0.001 | 27.8 (5.35) | 30.2 (5.93) | <0.001 |
| Preop opioid exposed | 287 (20.8%) | 114 (12.4%) | 174 (37.6%) | <0.001 | 204 (16.5%) | 84 (56.0%) | <0.001 |
| Preop stimulant exposed | 67 (4.8%) | 40 (4.34%) | 27 (5.83%) | 0.278 | 60 (4.86%) | 7 (4.67%) | 1 |
| Preop benzodiazepine exposed | 153 (11.1%) | 61 (6.62%) | 92 (19.9%) | <0.001 | 119 (9.64%) | 34 (22.7%) | <0.001 |
| Preop sedative hypnotic exposed | 65 (4.7%) | 32 (3.47%) | 33 (7.13%) | 0.004 | 55 (4.46%) | 10 (6.67%) | 0.316 |
| Use of >1 controlled substances | 109 (7.9%) | 30 (3.26%) | 79 (17.1%) | <0.001 | 74 (6.00%) | 35 (23.3%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use | 886 (68.9%) | 589 (69.1%) | 297 (68.4%) | 0.871 | 791 (69.1%) | 95 (66.4%) | 0.573 |
| Current smoker | 124 (11.4%) | 62 (8.60%) | 62 (17.0%) | <0.001 | 99 (10.3%) | 25 (20.7%) | 0.001 |
| Recreational drug use | 27 (2.1%) | 17 (2.01%) | 10 (2.31%) | 0.88 | 24 (2.11%) | 3 (2.10%) | 1 |
| Psychiatric disorder | 206 (16.0%) | 94 (11.1%) | 112 (25.7%) | <0.001 | 158 (13.8%) | 48 (33.6%) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 7 (0.6%) | 4 (0.48%) | 3 (0.70%) | 0.695 | 5 (0.44%) | 2 (1.42%) | 0.178 |
| Diabetes | 88 (6.4%) | 44 (4.78%) | 44 (9.50%) | 0.001 | 65 (5.27%) | 23 (15.3%) | <0.001 |
| Osteoporosis | 67 (5.3%) | 26 (3.08%) | 41 (9.51%) | <0.001 | 43 (3.80%) | 24 (16.8%) | <0.001 |
| Sleep apnea | 136 (10.6%) | 72 (8.51%) | 64 (14.8%) | 0.001 | 105 (9.24%) | 31 (21.8%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 12 (0.9%) | 5 (0.59%) | 7 (1.61%) | 0.121 | 8 (0.71%) | 4 (2.80%) | 0.036 |
| Insurance type | 0.004 | 0.02 | |||||
| Nongovernment | 1,234 (89.2%) | 838 (91.0%) | 397 (85.7%) | 1,110 (90.0%) | 125 (83.3%) | ||
| Government | 150 (10.8%) | 83 (9.01%) | 66 (14.3%) | 124 (10.0%) | 25 (16.7%) |
Data are represented as number (percentage) or mean (SD).
BMI = body mass index, Preop = preoperative, Rx = prescription