. 2023 Oct 4;2023:5785259. doi: 10.1155/2023/5785259

Table 6.

Evaluation of antityrosinase activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of the leaves, stems, and roots of C. latifolia plants.

Extract	Concentration (µg/mL)							IC₅₀ (µg/mL)	Activity
Extract	6.25	12.5	25	50	100	200	400	IC₅₀ (µg/mL)	Activity
Hexane leaf extract	—	16.64 ± 0.61	19.32 ± 0.58	19.72 ± 0.47	23.82 ± 3.53	26.63 ± 1.22	3193 ± 0.00	>1000^β^∗^bc	Inactive
Hexane stem extract	—	18.48 ± 1.01	22.11 ± 1.24	23.63 ± 2,86	27.14 ± 0.66	30.63 ± 0.49	36.30 ± 1.01	>1000^β^∗^ac	Inactive
Hexane root extract	—	17.63 ± 7.72	21.48 ± 0.50	22.6.7 ± 4.20	24.69 ± 0.19	27.03 ± 0.58	33.37 ± 1.83	>1000^β^∗^ab	Inactive
EA leaf extract	16.24 ± 0.60	20.05 ± 0.51	22.47 ± 0.46	24.92 ± 3.48	29.13 ± 1.36	32.91 ± 0.00	—	534.2^β^∗	Weak
EA stem extract	22.84 ± 1.81	23.92 ± 1.87	24.72 ± 2.81	27.24 ± 1.00	31.63 ± 0.48	37.91 ± 0.33	—	454.2^β^∗^f	Weak
EA root extract	21.92 ± 0.89	23.18 ± 0.09	23.09 ± 2.01	23.65 ± 1.03	28.08 ± 0.58	34.33 ± 1.80	—	434.1^β^∗^d	Moderate
Ethanol leaf extract	—	34.89 ± 1.62	38.41 ± 0.84	41.47 ± 0.92	43.84 ± 2.80	46.93 ± 2.40	51.20 ± 1.92	349.5^∗	Moderate
Ethanol stem extract	—	31.63 ± 1.76	34.85 ± 3.81	38.72 ± 4.08	43.99 ± 2.63	48.42 ± 2.12	54.10 ± 2.11	242.6^∗	Moderate
Ethanol root extract	—	34.17 ± 0.27	36.99 ± 2.67	42.50 ± 2.28	45.73 ± 1.30	53.56 ± 0.92	66.03 ± 0.40	108.5^∗	Strong
Kojic acid	IC₅₀ (5.55 µg/mL)^∗								Robust

Note. ^∗indicates a significant difference between samples in rows (p < 0.05, n = 3, post hoc test, LSD). Alphabet differences indicate no significant difference between samples in rows (p > 0.05, n = 3, post hoc test LSD). ^βThe IC₅₀ value was determined by data exploration. EA: ethyl acetate.