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. 2023 Oct 11;622(7982):273–278. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06516-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 7 — Erasure-excision explicitly trades improved experimental fidelity for a reduced number of experimental repetitions. However, this process is controllable by adjusting the threshold used for detecting atoms during erasure images. Changing the threshold essentially changes the false positive and false negative rate for detecting erasures correctly (inset). We plot the total AFM probability (green markers) after a sweep as in Fig. 3 of the main text, and vary the detection threshold used for identifying erasures. For too high a threshold, many erasure events go unnoticed, and so erroneous outcomes become relatively more prevalent, reducing the overall fidelity. As the detection threshold is lowered, more true erasures, where an atom is actually present in the erasure image, are correctly detected, which improves the fidelity. However, lowering the threshold too far (in our case past roughly 5 photons) increases the likelihood of seeing false positive erasures; excising data based on these events discards experimental statistics with relatively little gain in fidelity. In the main text, we select a detection threshold of 5 photons.