Effect of ketoconazole or verapamil coadministration, respectively, on the plasma ITZ concentration (A and C) and the uptake of ITZ into the brain (B and D). ITZ was administered to rats via the femoral vein at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Ketoconazole (20 mg/kg) or verapamil (5 mg/kg) was administered to rats 5 min before the injection of ITZ. One hour after the administration of ITZ, the plasma and brain tissue were collected, and the concentration of ITZ was determined by HPLC as described in Materials and Methods. Each value represents the mean ± SE (n = 3 to 4). Asterisks indicate values found to be significantly different from control values as determined by Student’s t test. (P < 0.05). Symbols: □, ITZ (5 mg/kg) alone; ▪, ITZ (5 mg/ml) and ketoconazole (20 mg/kg); ▨, ITZ (5 mg/ml) and verapamil (5 mg/kg).