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. 2023 Oct 11;14:5789. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41328-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Serum IFN-α concentrations and the percentage of monocytes among PBMCs in the complete blood count of samples from patients with MPA (n = 43). The 10 samples with the highest percentage of monocytes were classified as MPA-MONO (pink colored dots). The 10 samples with the highest IFN-α concentrations were classified as MPA-IFN (green colored dots). b Characteristic symptoms of patients in the MPA-MONO (n = 9) and MPA-IFN (n = 9) groups. Scores for each component are based on the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) 2008 version 3. Mucous; Mucous membranes, ENT; Eyes, nose, and throat. c Annualized relapse rate of patients in the MPA-MONO (n = 9) and MPA-IFN (n = 9) groups. Symptoms at relapse are displayed for each case based on the components of the BVAS. “Nvs” refers to the nervous system. d Correlation between the percentage of monocytes and representative clinical parameters, and between serum IFN-α concentrations and representative clinical parameters. Correlations and P-values were quantified using Kendall’s correlation coefficient (R). CRP C-reactive protein, MPO myeloperoxidase, ANCA anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. e Differences in serum IFN-α concentrations and monocyte ratio in patients with newly-onset cases (n = 30) and cases under treatment (n = 13). f Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting relapse of MPA from serum IFN-α concentration and percentage of monocytes in PBMCs. Values are means with SEMs and P-values are calculated using a two-sided Mann–Whitney U test for b, c, and e. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.