Table 2.

Summary of performance metrics for the VIOLA-AI tool that was trained on 100 diagnosed ICH and TBI-bleed cases and evaluated using five-fold cross validation.

Model	Dice similarity coefficient	Hausdorff distance	Normalized surface dice	Relative absolute volume difference
VIOLA-AI ensemble	0.7953 ± 0.172	21.557 ± 25.021	0.5681 ± 0.125	0.1980 ± 0.180

Performance metrics were calculated from 20 cases held out during each of the five folds. The Dice Similarity Coefficient, for instance, reached an average level that indicates good segmentation agreement between the estimated and ground truth.