Table 2.
Results of hierarchical regression analyses [OR (95%CI)].
| Variables | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | Step 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | – | 0.91 (0.83,0.98)* | 0.92 (0.84,1.00) | 0.94 (0.86,1.03) | |
| Sex | Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Female | 0.87 (0.72,1.04) | 0.99 (0.82,1.20) | 0.97 (0.80,1.18) | ||
| Grade | Freshman | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Sophomore | 1.29 (1.04,1.60)* | 1.28 (1.03,1.60)* | 1.19 (0.94,1.50) | ||
| Junior | 1.40 (1.04,1.88)* | 1.43 (1.05,1.94)* | 1.33 (0.97,1.83) | ||
| Senior | 1.27 (0.74,2.18) | 1.32 (0.77,2.32) | 1.14 (0.64,2.04) | ||
| Ethnicity | Hana | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Others | 1.13 (0.90,1.42) | 1.13 (0.90,1.43) | 1.10 (0.86,1.40) | ||
| Single child status | Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| No | 0.88 (0.69,1.12) | 0.82 (0.64,1.05) | 0.82 (0.64,1.06) | ||
| Parental marital status | Married | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Not current marriedb | 1.33 (1.04,1.70)* | 1.32 (1.03,1.70)* | 1.21 (0.93,1.58) | ||
| Family income (monthly), RMB | <3,000 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| 3,000 ~ 5,000 | 0.63 (0.50,0.80)*** | 0.70 (0.56,0.89)** | 0.73 (0.57,0.93)* | ||
| >5,000 | 0.62 (0.50,0.76)*** | 0.65 (0.52,0.80)*** | 0.67 (0.54,0.84)*** | ||
| Father’s education | Junior high school or less | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Senior high school | 0.82 (0.64,1.05) | 0.82 (0.64,1.06) | 0.87 (0.67,1.14) | ||
| College or more | 1.00 (0.71,1.40) | 1.04 (0.74,1.48) | 1.20 (0.84,1.73) | ||
| Mother’s education | Junior high school or less | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Senior high school | 1.26 (0.96,1.67) | 1.26 (0.95,1.67) | 1.23 (0.92,1.65) | ||
| College or more | 1.33 (0.91,1.94) | 1.26 (0.85,1.86) | 1.09 (0.72,1.64) | ||
| Depressiona | Yes | 5.18 (4.28,6.27)*** | |||
| PLEsb | Yes | 4.27 (3.54,5.14)*** | 3.20 (2.63,3.90)*** | ||
| IAc | Yes | 5.48 (4.46,6.73)*** | 5.59 (4.54,6.89)*** | 3.56 (2.84,4.45)*** | 2.34 (1.84,2.98)*** |
a
Depression calculated using the PHQ-2, with a clinical cut-off total score of 3.
b
PLEs calculated using the CAPE-P15, with a clinical cut-off average score of 1.57.
c
IA calculated using the CIAS-R, with a clinical cut-off total score of 53.
PLEs, psychotic-like experiences; IA, internet addiction; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Step 1: unadjusted. Step 2: adjusted for age, sex, grade, ethnicity, single child status, parental marital status, family income (monthly), and parents’ education. Step 3: Model 2 variables + PLEs. Step 4: Model 3 variables + Depression. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.