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Negative impact mechanisms of physical activity on cardiovascular disease mortality caused by PM2.5. It includes the following steps: intensity of PA, deep breathing, inhaling more PM2.5, increased CVD mortality, duration of PA, long-term exposure to polluted air, increased cumulative dose, respiratory infection and inflammation, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, abnormal blood clotting, and increased cardiopulmonary exercise load.
