Table 1.

Age-adjusted PM2.5-attributable mortality rates and Joinpoint trends in the US by sex and subtypes during 2011–2019.

Characteristics	No. of patients	Mean AAMR	AAPC
CVD	244,318	5.22	−4.1 (−4.6, −3.7)
Male	134,655	6.68	−4.5 (−5.1, −3.9)
Female	109,662	3.94	−3.69 (−4.2, −3.6)
IS	182,529	3.90	−4.2 (−4.6, −3.9)
Male	107,034	5.30	−4 (−4.3, −3.7)
Female	75,495	2.97	−4.8 (−5.4, −4.2)
Stroke	61,788	1.31	−3.8 (−4.3, −3.4)
Male	27,620	1.38	−4 (−4.6, −3.4)
Female	34,167	1.24	−3.6 (−3.9, −3.3)

IS, ischemic heart disease, AAMR, age-adjusted mortality rates, AAPC, average annual percent change. All the p-values of AAPC are < 0.05.