Table 1.

Association between guideline characteristics and incorporation of antimicrobial stewardship considerations (univariate model).

Characteristic	Addresses Antimicrobial Stewardship (n = 20)	Does not address Antimicrobial Stewardship (n = 8)	Odds ratio for addressing Antimicrobial Stewardship	97.5% confidence interval
Guideline-level characteristics
Year of publication
2020	4	3	Reference	–
2021	6	3	1.50	0.15–15.46
2022	10	2	3.75	0.33–42.95
Country Income
HIC	18	5	Reference	–
LMIC	2	3	0.19	0.02–1.92
ID expert on panel
No	3	5	Reference	–
Yes	17	3	9.44	1.09–81.59
Public health expert on panel
No	12	7	Reference
Yes	8	1	4.67	0.34–63.17
Pharmacy expert on panel
No	11	8	Reference	–
Yes	9	0	>1000	0 to infinity
Any expert on panel
No	3	5	Reference
Yes	17	3	9.44	1.09–81.59
AGREE II score (Guideline Level)
1. Scope and purpose	Per 10% increase		1.76	0.73–4.29
2. Stakeholder involvement			1.53	0.91–2.57
3. Rigor of development			1.67	1.02–2.72
4. Clarity of presentation			3.45	1.15–10.39
5. Applicability			2.14	0.73–6.33
6. Editorial independence			1.01	0.71–1.44
AGREE II quality
Low or moderate	9	7	Reference	–
High	11	1	8.56	0.64–115.11
AGREE REX score (Recommendation Level)
1. Evidence	Per 10% increase		1.51	1.01–2.25
2. Applicability to target users			2.25	1.08–4.69
3. Applicability to patients/populations			2.16	1.01–4.65
4. Values of users			10.82	0.96–122.52
5. Values of patients			>1000	0 to infinity
6. Values of policy makers			4.08	1.25–13.28
7. Values of guideline developers			1.90	1.01–3.57
8. Purpose			1.82	0.93–3.59
9. Local adaptation and adoption			6.37	0.75–54.00
Overall score			3.26	1.14–9.31
AGREE REX quality
Low or moderate	12	8	Reference	–
High	8	0	>1000	0 to infinity