Fig. 8.

Ginsenoside Rk2 (Rk2) efficiently ameliorates alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice by enhancing intestinal nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 6 (NLRP6) and inhibiting hepatic NLRP3 in mice. LPS: lipopolysaccharide; AMP: adenosine 5’-monophosphate; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; MYD88: myeloid differentiation factor 88; IκBα: phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) α; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; P2X7R: purinergic P2X receptor 7; IL: interleukin; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; SREBP-1c: sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1c; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FASN: fatty acid synthase; SCD1: stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1.