Table 7.
Adverse effects of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) in 20/313 dogs (6.4%) and 4/100 cats (4.0%) to treat confirmed and suspected poisoning.
| Adverse effect | n | Adverse effect ILE associated | Amount of ILE (mL/kg) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dogs | Loss of consciousness | 6 | Very probable (6)a,b,c,d | 15.0 (2.0–66.6) | Survived |
| Hyperthermia | 3 | Possible (3)e,f,g | 5.9 (8.0–30.0) | Survived | |
| Vomiting | 3 | Very probable (3)a,c,h | 30.3 (2.2–66.6) | Survived | |
| Diarrhea | 3 | Possible (2)a,i Very probable (1)j | 30.3 (11.9–31.5) | Survived | |
| Reduced level of consciousness | 2 | Possible (2)j,k | 9.0; 15.0 | Survived | |
| Bradycardia | 2 | Very probable (1)l Possible (1)m | 9.4; 11.5 | Survived | |
| Apnea/Dyspnea | 2 | Possible (2)a | 5.1; 15.0 | Euthanized (1) survived (1) | |
| Reduced/worsening of general behavior | 3 | Very probable (2)a,n Possible (1)a | 16.2 (11.5–30.3) | Survived | |
| Facial swelling, suspicion of an allergic reaction | 1 | Very probablea | 2.0 | Survived | |
| Ataxia | 1 | Very probablea | 30.3 | Survived | |
| Cats | Tachypnea | 1 | Very probablea | 47.5 | Survived |
| Thrombophlebitis | 1 | Very probableo | 15.8 | Survived | |
| Semicomatose state | 1 | Very probablep | 2.0 | Survived | |
| Somnolence | 1 | Very probablea | 11.9 | Survived | |
| Bradycardia | 1 | Very probablea | 11.9 | Survived | |
| Total | 24 | 11.88 (2.0–66.6) | Survived (23) euthanized (1) |
Unknown toxicant (n = 11).
Chemical (pen, ink; n = 1).
Plant and plant-based toxin (grapes/Vitis sp.; n = 2).
food leftovers/kitchen waste (meat and onions; n = 1).
Potentially tremorgenic mycotoxins (garbage; n = 1).
Recreational Drug (nicotine; n = 1).
Food leftovers/kitchen waste (caffeine; n = 1).
Food leftovers/kitchen waste (meat and onions; n = 1).
Other medication (diclofenac; n = 1).
Recreational Drug (THC = tetrahydrocannabinol; n = 1).
Nuts (macadamia nuts; n = 1).
Food leftovers/kitchen waste (sausage and cherries; n = 1).
Antiparasitic (permethrin; n = 1).
Rodenticides (coumarine derivative; n = 1).
Rodenticides (α-chloralose; n = 1).
Rodenticides (unknown rodenticide; n = 1).
n, numbers of animals with the respective adverse effect.