Table 3. Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Physical Activity, Lipid Profile, Inflammatory Markers, Psychological Symptoms, Health Literacy, and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Changes After the 8-Week Intervention.
| Metric | CBCR (n = 38) | CBET (n = 37) | Between-group difference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | P value | Mean (SD) | P value | |||||||
| Baseline | Postintervention | Change from baseline | Baseline | Postintervention | Change from baseline | Mean (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Resting SBP, mm Hg | 127.1 (18.9) | 114.8 (13.8) | −12.3 (11.8) | <.001 | 123.9 (20.2) | 122.0 (14.7) | −1.9 (12.9) | .39 | −10.4 (−16.1 to −4.7) | <.001 |
| Resting DBP, mm Hg | 81.5 (8.4) | 76.5 (7.8) | −5.0 (5.7) | <.001 | 81.4 (11.0) | 80.9 (8.7) | −0.5 (7.0) | .70 | −4.5 (−7.5 to −1.6) | .003 |
| Resting heart rate, bpm | 81.2 (13.6) | 75.3 (11.3) | −5.9 (6.5) | <.001 | 82.0 (13.3) | 83.7 (12.3) | 1.7 (8.2) | .22 | −7.6 (−11.0 to −4.2) | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol level, mg/dL | 182.1 (36.9) | 167.1 (26.3) | −15.0 (27.8) | .002 | 178.1 (33.1) | 186.7 (33.4) | 8.6 (32.6) | .12 | −23.6 (−37.6 to −9.7) | .001 |
| Triglyceride levels, mg/dL | 125.2 (60.0) | 93.0 (32.6) | −32.3 (40.4) | <.001 | 152.0 (105.6) | 154.9 (113.9) | 2.9 (68.0) | .80 | −35.2 (−60.8 to −9.5) | .008 |
| HDL cholesterol level, mg/dL | 53.3 (12.9) | 54.3 (10.5) | 1.0 (7.4) | .41 | 53.2 (13.3) | 52.6 (14.2) | −0.6 (7.5) | .60 | 1.6 (−1.8 to 5.1) | .34 |
| LDL cholesterol level, mg/dL | 107.0 (32.3) | 92.8 (24.5) | −14.2 (29.4) | .005 | 101.0 (32.3) | 105.1 (28.6) | 4.2 (21.6) | .25 | −18.3 (−30.2 to −6.5) | .003 |
| IL-6 level, pg/mL | 5.2 (6.2) | 4.8 (5.7) | −0.5 (2.0) | .19 | 3.6 (5.1) | 5.1 (5.5) | 1.5 (5.5) | .15 | −2.0 (−4.0 to 0.1) | .06 |
| HSCRP level, mg/dL | 0.35 (0.39) | 0.26 (0.29) | −0.08 (0.39) | .18 | 0.29 (0.46) | 0.41 (0.72) | 0.12 (0.66) | .35 | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | .12 |
| Physical activity, METs/min/wk | 349.6 (530.6) | 1384.7 (893.9) | 1035.2 (735.7) | <.001 | 519.7 (467.9) | 553.8 (608.1) | 34.1 (424.4) | .63 | 1001.1 (719.8 to 1282.8) | <.001 |
| HADS score | ||||||||||
| Anxiety | 7.9 (4.6) | 5.3 (3.9) | −2.6 (2.7) | <.001 | 8.2 (4.3) | 7.4 (4.2) | −0.8 (2.3) | .03 | −1.8 (−2.9 to −0.6) | .003 |
| Depression | 6.0 (4.4) | 3.3 (3.2) | −2.7 (3.0) | <.001 | 6.3 (4.0) | 5.8 (3.7) | −0.5 (2.2) | .21 | −2.2 (−3.7 to −0.6) | .009 |
| EQ-5D-5L health state score | 68.3 (15.2) | 82.3 (9.5) | 14.0 (10.0) | <.001 | 70.3 (15.7) | 70.7 (16.1) | 0.4 (12.9) | .85 | 13.6 (8.3 to 18.9) | <.001 |
| Health literacy scorea | 1.6 (1.8) | 4.3 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.6) | <.001 | 1.7 (2.0) | 1.8 (2.1) | 0.1 (1.4) | .81 | 2.6 (1.9 to 3.3) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CBCR, center-based cardiac rehabilitation; CBET, community-based exercise treatment; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EQ-5D-5L, European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions questionnaire; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HSCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MET, metabolic equivalents; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
SI conversion factors: To convert HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259 and triglycerides to mmol/L, by 0.0113.
a
Assessed by the Newest Vital Sign instrument.