Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of demographic and clinical factors associated with the severity of COVID-19.

Variable	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Value of p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Value of p
Demographic characteristics
Age (≥65 vs. <65), years	2.113 (1.093–4.084)	0.026	2.171 (1.096–4.297)	0.029
Gender (male vs. female)	1.314 (0.715–2.414)	0.379	1.326 (0.701–2.510)	0.385
Smoking status	0.290 (0.064–1.322)a	0.110
	0.377 (0.043–3.292)b	0.378
Residence (urban vs. rural)	2.031 (0.880–4.688)	0.097
Comorbidity
Hypertension	1.319 (0.751–2.318)	0.336
Cardiovascular disease	1.307 (0.746–2.292)	0.349
Diabetes mellitus	1.591 (0.865–2.926)	0.136
Chronic pulmonary disease	1.075 (0.560–2.066)	0.827
Chronic renal disease	1.233 (0.608–2.503)	0.561
Chronic liver disease	0.441 (0.093–2.097)	0.304
Cancer	0.812 (0.246–2.681)	0.732
Dementia	0.817 (0.155–4.314)	0.812
Clinical manifestations
Fever	1.715 (0.815–3.612)	0.155
Cough	1.241 (0.461–3.343)	0.670
Shortness of breath	1.722 (0.979–3.027)	0.059
Fatigue	0.767 (0.420–1.399)	0.387
Chest tightness	3.091 (1.695–5.635)	<0.001	3.095 (1.682–5.694)	<0.001
Myalgia	0.833 (0.375–1.850)	0.654
Sore throat	0.944 (0.344–2.592)	0.911
Vomiting	0.812 (0.246–2.681)	0.732
Headache	1.305 (0.412–4.139)	0.651
Consciousness disorders	1.184 (0.335–4.182)	0.793
Chest pain	1.243 (0.289–5.349)	0.770

Bold values indicated a value of p < 0.05. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^aCurrent smoker vs. non-smoker, ^bex-smoker vs. non-smoker.