Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by tertiles of the predicted pro-inflammatory hs-CRP score
| Characteristic | Tertiles of the predicted pro-inflammatory hs-CRP score |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |
| (n = 358) | (n = 359) | (n = 359) | |
| Predicted pro-inflammatory hs-CRP score, mean ± SD | –3.1 ± 0.1 | –2.7 ± 0.1 | –2.4 ± 0.1 |
| NAFLD cases, n (%) | 34 (9.5) | 81 (22.6) | 205 (57.1) |
| Females, n (%) | 299 (83.5) | 211 (58.8) | 99 (27.6) |
| Postmenopausal women, n (%) | 208 (69.6) | 81 (38.4) | 17 (17.2) |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 45.7 ± 7.2 | 52.4 ± 7.6 | 56.7 ± 9.6 |
| Highest education completed | |||
| College graduate or above, n (%) | 310 (86.6) | 268 (74.7) | 264 (73.5) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 9 (2.5) | 27 (7.5) | 94 (26.2) |
| Alcohol intake (g/d), mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 3.3 | 3.8 ± 4.9 | 4.3 ± 5.9 |
| Physical activity (MET-minutes/week), mean ± SD | 1,271.8 ± 2,920.7 | 1,191.5 ± 2,073.3 | 1,267.5 ± 2,654.1 |
| ≥840 MET-minutes/week, n (%) | 130 (36.3) | 131 (36.5) | 127 (35.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 20.3 ± 1.7 | 22.9 ± 1.5 | 25.8 ± 2.5 |
| BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2, n (%) | 21 (0.3) | 172 (9.8) | 323 (60.5) |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.3 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 76.0 ± 5.3 | 82.9 ± 4.7 | 90.8 ± 6.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 109.3 ± 11.8 | 114.7 ± 12.9 | 120.1 ± 13.2 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 69.2 ± 9.2 | 74.0 ± 9.8 | 76.9 ± 10.1 |
| Hypertensivesa, n (%) | 22 (6.2) | 68 (18.9) | 134 (37.3) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 86.2 ± 13.3 | 93.7 ± 14.6 | 100.9 ± 19.5 |
| Diabetes mellitusb, n (%) | 7 (2.0) | 26 (7.2) | 66 (18.4) |
hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD and categorical variables are presented as n (%); SD: standard deviation; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: body mass index; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MET: the metabolic equivalent of task.
a
Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive medication.
b
Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose value of ≥126 mg/dL, a glycated hemoglobin level of ≥6.5%, or a history of using glucose-lowering medications.