Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population and the prevalence of covert vascular brain injury
| Characteristics | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 54.8 (8.9) |
| Male, n (%) | 380 (36.0) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.4 (3.8) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 231 (21.9) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 484 (45.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 144 (13.6) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 477 (45.2) |
| Covert vascular brain injury | |
| Lacunes, n (%) | 131 (12.4) |
| WMH volume, mL, median (IQR)* | 0.7 (0.2, 2.3) |
| PVH | |
| Degree 0 | 314 (29.8) |
| Degree 1 | 565 (53.6) |
| Degree 2 | 131 (12.4) |
| Degree 3 | 45 (4.3) |
| DWMH | |
| Degree 0 | 381 (36.1) |
| Degree 1 | 574 (54.4) |
| Degree 2 | 81 (7.7) |
| Degree 3 | 19 (1.8) |
| CMB, n (%) | 103 (9.8) |
| EPVS – BG† | |
| Degree 1 | 289 (27.5) |
| Degree 2 | 633 (60.2) |
| Degree 3 | 127 (12.1) |
| Degree 4 | 2 (0.2) |
| EPVS – WM† | |
| Degree 1 | 404 (38.4) |
| Degree 2 | 503 (47.9) |
| Degree 3 | 122 (11.6) |
| Degree 4 | 22 (2.1) |
| BPF‡ | 0.77 (0.03) |
WMH, white matter hyperintensity; PVH, periventricular hyperintensity; DWMH, deep white matter hyperintensity; CMB, cerebral microbleed; EPVS, enlarged perivascular space; BG, basal ganglia; WM, white matter; SD, standard deviation; BPF, brain parenchymal fraction.
*
Ninety-eight participants had missing WMH volume due to inadequate image quality for automatic WMH segmentation.
†
Four participants had missing EPVS scores due to inadequate imaging quality for visual assessment.
‡
Seventy-three participants had missing BPF data due to inadequate image quality for automatic structural segmentation.