Table 1:

Descriptive Statistics for Variables Used in the Study

Variable	M	SD	Range
Parental drug disapprovala	10.86	1.74	3.00–12.00
Parental controlb	27.66	5.50	14.00–42.00
Quality of father–adolescent relationshipc	25.23	6.47	9.00–36.00
Quality of mother–adolescent relationshipd	29.40	5.11	9.00–36.00
Alcohol refusal efficacye	6.74	4.19	4.00–28.00

^aHigher scores indicate the perception that parents would consider it wrong for adolescents to use drugs.

^bHigher scores indicate parental strictness.

^cHigher scores indicate a positive father–adolescent relationship.

^dHigher scores indicate a positive mother–adolescent relationship.

^eHigher scores reflect a lower sense of alcohol refusal efficacy.