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. 2023 Jul 24;27(20):3065–3074. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.17872

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Tp47 induced autophagy by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HMC3 cells. (A) The protein levels of p‐PI3K, p‐AKT and p‐mTOR in HMC3 cells treated with various concentrations of Tp47. (B) The protein levels of p‐PI3K, p‐AKT and p‐mTOR in HMC3 cells treated with Tp47 for different times. (C) The effect of rapamycin on the expression levels autophagy‐related proteins. (D) The effect of PI3K/AKT inhibition on the expression levels of mTOR and autophagy‐related proteins. (E) The effect of PI3K/AKT inhibition on HMC3 cell migration. Scale bars = 100 μm. All data were normalized to the PBS group and are presented as the means ± SD. One‐way anova was utilized to compare multiple groups means with one independent variable. *p versus PBS, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. # p versus Tp47, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001. Abbreviations: LY, LY294002; PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline; Rapa, rapamycin.