Table 2.
Risk of bias assessment
| Study | Risk of bias | Applicability | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Patient
selection |
Index test |
Reference
standard |
Flow & timing |
Patient
selection |
Index test |
Reference
standard |
|
| Aaron, 2020 | L | L | U | U | L | L | L |
| Abdelaati, 2022 | L | L | U | L | L | L | L |
| Benjamin 2013 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Byrne, 2011 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Chen, 2016 | U | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Chen, 2017 | L | L | L | U | L | L | U |
| Deng, 2015 | L | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Fothergill, 2013 | L | L | U | L | L | L | L |
| Ginting, 2017 | L | L | U | U | L | L | L |
| He, 2011 | U | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| He, 2012 | L | L | L | U | L | L | L |
| He, 2017 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Huang, 2018 | L | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Jackson, 2008 | L | L | U | U | L | L | L |
| Ji, 2017 | L | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Jiang, 2014 | L | L | U | U | L | L | L |
| Lee, 2015 | L | L | U | H | L | L | L |
| Li, 2012 | U | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Li, 2013 | U | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Li, 2016 | U | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Mao, 2016 | L | L | U | U | L | L | L |
| Nor, 2005 | L | L | L | U | L | L | L |
| Purrucker ,2015 | L | L | L | H | L | L | L |
| Saberian, 2021 | L | L | L | H | L | L | L |
| Şahin, 2021 | L | L | U | U | L | L | L |
| Sang, 2015 | L | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Sun, 2012 | L | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Terzoni, 2021 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Whiteley, 2011 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Yang, 2015 | L | L | L | U | L | L | L |
| Yu, 2018 | L | L | U | U | L | L | U |
| Zangi, 2021 | L | L | L | U | L | L | H |
L: Low risk, U: Unclear risk, H: High risk.