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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 12.
Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Sports Med. 2023 Sep 14;5(3):357–374. doi: 10.26502/josm.511500122

Figure 2: Nuclear Export Cycle.

Figure 2:

Exportin recognizes cargo containing a NES. Once recognized, cooperative binding of RanGTP and cargo occurs, forming a trimeric export complex. Exportin then facilitates the transfer of the trimeric complex through NPC to the cytoplasmic side of the nucleus. The complex remains attached to the cytoplasmic side of the NPC until RanBP1 and/or RanBP2 bind to Ran-GTP on the complex on the cytoplasmic side of the NPC. The binding of Ran Binding Proteins to Ran-GTP leads to a conformational change in the trimeric complex, resulting in the dissociation of Ran-GTP from Crm1. This dissociation releases the cargo from Crm1, and concurrently, the dissociation of Crm1 from the NPC.