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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stat (Int Stat Inst). 2022 Jan 31;11(1):e462. doi: 10.1002/sta4.462

TABLE 5.

Stage III estimated effect sizes of prenatal alcohol exposure on IQ at age 7

Method Global effect size SE τ^2(se)
Hierarchical meta-analytic approach −3.2 0.8 1.0 (2.3)
One-stage (full multivariate approach) −3.1 0.8 0.9 (2.3)
Conventional meta-analysis (ignoring the correlation) −3.5 0.6 4.7 (2.7)