Table 2.

Leading 100 frequent causes for hospitalisation or general practise consultation following the index date comparing AF and matched controls.

Primary care		Secondary care
Cardiac-Related (29)	a. Arrhythmia (10): 4. Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, 5. Cardiac dysrhythmia NOS, 19. Cardiac arrhythmias, 25. Tachycardia (unspecified), 29. Cardiac dysrhythmias, 40. Palpitations, 46. Heart beats irregular, 53. Ventricular tachycardia, 87. Cardiac arrest, & 95. Supraventricular tachycardia NOS. b. Heart failure (4): 42. Pulmonary oedema NOS, 44. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction, 52. Cardiomegaly, & 79. Heart failure. c. Heart valve disease (4): 15. Mitral regurgitation, 31. Mitral stenosis, 66. Aortic stenosis alone, cause unspecified, & 96. Aortic regurgitation alone, cause unspecified. d. Cardiomyopathy (2): 1. Cardiomyopathy, & 24. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy. e. Ischaemic heart disease (7): 16. Acute non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 20. Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, 22. Coronary artery bypass occlusion, 34. Acute coronary syndrome, 41. Triple vessel disease of the heart, 81. Single coronary vessel disease, & 92. Coronary artery disease. f. Other (2): 21. Echocardiogram abnormal, & 45. Acute pericarditis.	Cardiac-Related (28)	a. Arrhythmia (7): 18. Ventricular fibrillation and flutter (I49.0), 34. Ventricular tachycardia (I47.2), 39. Supraventricular tachycardia (I47.1), 57. Cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation (I46.0), 81. Sick sinus syndrome (I49.5), 93. Other and unspecified atrioventricular block (I44.3), 100. Tachycardia, unspecified (R00.0). b. Heart failure (2): 8. Fluid overload (E87.7), & 98. Heart failure (I50.0/I50.1). c. Heart valve disease (8): 2. Disorders of valves (I08.1), 3. Combined disorders of valves (I08.3), 5. Mitral (valve) insufficiency (I34.0), 11. Disorders of both mitral and aortic valves (I08.0), 28. Mechanical complication of heart valve prosthesis (T82.0), 35. Aortic (valve) stenosis with insufficiency (I35.2), 54. Aortic (valve) insufficiency (I35.1), & 62. Aortic (valve) stenosis (I35.0), d. Cardiomyopathy (5): 4. Dilated cardiomyopathy (I42.0), 20. Cardiomyopathy, unspecified (I42.9), 31. Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (I42.1), 51. Other hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (I42.2), & 70. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (I25.5). e. Ischaemic heart disease (2): 56. Other forms of acute ischaemic heart disease (I24.8), & 82. Acute ischaemic heart disease, unspecified (I24.9). f. Other (4): 6. Atrial septal defect (Q21.1), 19. Poisoning: Cardiac-stimulant glycosides and drugs of similar action (T46.0), 26. Acute pericarditis, unspecified (I30.9), & 66. Disease of pericardium, unspecified (I31.9).
Cerebrovascular (7)	10. Right-sided cerebral infarction, 18. Infarction of basal ganglia, 27. Stroke due to cerebral arterial occlusion, 39. Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of cerebral artery, 48. Cerebellar stroke syndrome, 65. Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery, & 82. Stroke unspecified.	Cerebrovascular (8)	1. Cerebral infarction (I63.4), 7. Anoxic brain damage, not elsewhere classified (G93.1), 22. Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of cerebral artery (I63.3), 29. Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of cerebral arteries (I63.5), 33. Cerebral atherosclerosis (I67.2), 44. Cerebral infarction due to embolism of precerebral arteries (I63.1), 52. Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of precerebral arteries (I63.0), & 53. Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of precerebral arteries (I63.2),
Peripheral or other vascular (10)	7. primary pulmonary hypertension, 9. Diabetes mellitus with peripheral circulatory disorder, 54. Bowel infarction, 62. Low blood pressure reading, 67. Mixed venous and arterial leg ulcer, 70. Abdominal aneurysm which has ruptured, 76. Pulmonary embolism, 83. Ischaemia of legs, 85. Acute cor pulmonale, 91. Arterial leg ulcer.	Peripheral or other vascular (4)	9. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (I71.2), 30. Primary pulmonary hypertension (I27.0), 76. Other specified complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants and grafts (T82.8), & 95. Vascular disorder of intestine, unspecified (K55.9).
Bleeding/Haemorrhagic complications (1)	13. Subdural haemorrhage NOS.	Bleeding/Haemorrhagic complications (7)	23. Haemorrhagic disorder due to circulating anticoagulants (D68.3), 49. Conjunctival haemorrhage (H11.3), 69. Haemorrhage and haematoma complicating a procedure (T81.0), 77. Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (S06.6), 79. Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, cortical (I61.1), 80. Haemarthrosis (M25.0), & 89. Traumatic haemopneumothorax (S27.2).
Infection (11)	2. Conjunctivitis, 11. Empyema, 35. Clostridium difficile infection, 36. Sepsis, 43. Viral gastroenteritis, 56. Chronic osteomyelitis, 59. Other aspiration pneumonia as a complication of care, 60. Other specified pneumonia or influenza, 84. Peritonitis, 89. Pneumonia & influenza, 97. Basal pneumonia due to unspecified organism.	Infection (19)	10. Gastroenteritis and colitis of unspecified origin (A09.9), 15. Acute pancreatitis, unspecified (K85.9), 21. Pneumonia due to other streptococci (J15.4), 25. Candidiasis of other sites (B37.8), 27. Acute gastroenteropathy due to Norwalk agent (A08.1), 36. Acute and subacute infective endocarditis (I33.0), 37. Other and unspecified gastroenteritis and colitis of infectious origin (A09.0), 38. Pyonephrosis (N13.6), 41. Legionnaires’ disease (A48.1), 45. Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae (J14), 48. Osteomyelitis, unspecified (M86.9), 59. Endocarditis, valve unspecified (I38), 61. Calculus of bile duct with cholecystitis (K80.4), 63. Streptococcal infection, unspecified site (A49.1), 71. Bacterial pneumonia, unspecified (J15.9), 72. Acute appendicitis, other and unspecified (K35.8), 83. Unspecified viral encephalitis (A86), 87. Infection of intervertebral disc (pyogenic) (M46.3), & 96. Other streptococcal sepsis (A40.8),
Cancer (8)	28. Acute myeloid leukaemia, 32. Hepatocelullar carcinoma, 51. Glioblastoma multiforme, 55. Chronic myeloid leukaemia, 58. Malignant neoplasm of oesophagus NOS, 75. Meningiomas, 80. Malignant pleural effusion, 99. Malignant Neoplasm of endometrium of corpus uteri	Cancer (4)	32. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not elsewhere classified (C84.4), 84. Malignant neoplasm: Floor of mouth, unspecified (C04.9), 85. Other specified types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C85.7), & 97. Hodgkin lymphoma, unspecified (C81.9).
Respiratory conditions (8)	26. Respiratory failure, 33. Obstructive sleep apnoea, 61. Respiratory failure, 68. Pleural effusion NOS, 73. Laryngopharyngeal reflux, 86. Pleural effusion NOS, 90. Aspiration pneumonitis, 93. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease.	Respiratory conditions (2)	47. Chronic respiratory failure (J96.1), & 64. Tracheostomy malfunction (J95.0).
Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic (7)	6. Vitamin D deficiency, 23. Hypomagnesemia, 30. Chronic pancreatitis, 47. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 64. Prediabetes, 78. Thyrotoxicosis, & 88. Folic acid deficiency.	Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic (5)	16. Other obesity (E66.8), 24. Thyrotoxicosis, unspecified (E05.9), 42. Thyrotoxicosis with toxic multinodular goitre (E05.2), 60. Hypokalaemia (E87.6), & 94. Other chronic pancreatitis (K86.1).
Gastrointestinal (3)	8. Acid reflux, 49. Perforation of intestine & 57. Cirrhosis and chronic liver disease.	Gastrointestinal (6)	17. Fistula of intestine (K63.2), 65. Postoperative intestinal obstruction (K91.3), 68. Alcoholic hepatitis (K70.1), 75. Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver (K70.3), 78. Other specified noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis (K52.8), & 92. Barrett's oesophagus (K22.7).
Renal (2)	63. Acute renal failure, 69. Impaired renal function.	Renal (4)	13. Chronic kidney disease stage 5 (N18.5), 46. Acute renal failure with tubular necrosis (N17.0), 88. Hydronephrosis with ureteral stricture, not elsewhere classified (N13.1), & 99. Acute renal failure, unspecified (N17.9).
Haematological (2)	72. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, & 74. Pancytopenia acquired.	Haematological (2)	40. Thrombocytopenia, unspecified (D69.6), & 56. Anaemia in other chronic diseases classified elsewhere (D63.8).
Osteoarticular & muscular disorders (3)	14. Fragility fracture, 38. Callosity on foot, & 50. Pseudogout.	Osteoarticular & muscular disorders (3)	73. Superficial injury of shoulder and upper arm, unspecified (S40.9), 74. Traumatic ischaemia of muscle (T79.6), & 90. Fracture of sacrum (S32.1).
Frailty or Multimorbidity (4)	3. Multiple organ failure, 12. Mechanical complication of urethral catheter, 17. Symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions, & 77. Wet senile macular degeneration.	Frailty or Multimorbidity (2)	12. Tendency to fall, not elsewhere classified (R29.6), & 55. Stage IV decubitus ulcer (L89.3).
Other (5)	37. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, 71. Drug hypersensitivity NOS, 94. Incisional hernia, 98. Keloid scar, & 100. Angioedema.	Other (6)	14. Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol (F10.3), 43. Localization-related (focal) (partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with simple partial seizures (G40.1), 50. Visual disturbance, unspecified (H53.9), 67. Zoster ocular disease (B02.3), 86. Other inflammatory polyneuropathies (G61.8), & 91. Precordial pain (R07.2).