Table 1. Materials used in the study with their corresponding adhesives/cementing materials.

	Material	Composition	Filler composition	Filler Wt%/size	Lot no.	Manufacturer
Group 1	Beautifil Injectable X (BF) Injectable giomer, shade: A3	Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, Bis-MPEPP, polymerization initiator, pigments, others	S-PRG fillers based on aluminofluoro-borosilicate glass, Al2O3	64% 0.8 μm	111901	Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan
	BeautiBond Self-etching one component dental adhesive	Acetone, distilled water, bis-GMA, Carboxylic acid monomer, TEGDMA, phosphonic acid monomer, others			091927
Group 2	G-ænial Universal injectable (GU) Injectable composite, shade: A3	UDMA, bis-EMA, methacrylate monomers, photoinitiator, UV-light absorber, pigments	Silica Barium glass	69% 150 nm	1904041	GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan
	G-Premio Bond one component light-cured adhesive	4-MET, phosphate monomer, thiophosphate monomer, dimethacrylate, acetone, water, photoinitiator			2001281
Group 3	SonicFill 2 (SF) Bulk-fill composite, shade: A3	Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, Bis-EMA	Silica, barium glass, YbF3, mixed oxides	83.5% 0.4 μm	7207987	Kerr Corp., Orange, California, United States
	OptiBond Universal Single component universal adhesive	HEMA, GDMA, GPDM, acetone, ethanol			7365205
Group 4	Cerasmart (CS) Resin matrix ceramic, shade: A3 HT	Bis-MEPP, UDMA, dimethacrylate	Silica Barium glass	71% <500 nm	1908231	GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan
	Ceramic Primer II Primer for ceramic and composite bonding	Silane, phosphate monomer, methacrylate, ethanol			2009151
	G-CEM LinkForce Adhesive resin cement	Paste A: bis-GMA, UDMA, DMA, initiator, pigments Paste B: bis-MEPP, UDMA, DMA, initiator, bis-EMA, dibenzoyl peroxide, BHT			1912201

Abbreviations: 4-MET, 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitic acid; BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene; bis-GMA, bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate; Bis-MEPP, 2,2-bis (4-methacryloxyphenyl) propane; bis-MPEPP, 2,2-bis-(4-methacryloxy polyethoxy) phenyl]propane; DMA, dimethacrylate; GDMA, glycidyl dimethacrylate; GPDM, glycerophosphate dimethacrylate; HEMA, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate; HT, high translucency; bis-EMA, bisphenol A ethoxylated dimethacrylate; S-PRG, surface prereacted glass-ionomer; TEGDMA, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate; UDMA, urethane dimethacrylate; UV, ultraviolet.

Note: Other symbols according to the elements of the periodic table.