Table 6.

Markets for voluntary services

Title	Short description	Primarily involved stages of the value chain	Financing	Mechanism (valuation and valorization)
CONTRACTS 2.0 Innovative contracts for farmers and nature https://www.project-contracts20.eu/	Contract 2.0 develops new contractual approaches to incentivize farmers to provide more environmental public goods in addition to private goods.	Production, consumption Entire VC Contracts 2.0 will investigate value chain approaches which are collaborative models to valorize environmental public goods within value chains and integrate the cost for environmental services in the product price.	Public and private	valuation: Result-based payments on the basis of indicators and quantification methods valorization: integration of the cost for environmental services into the product price
AGORA NATURA Nature conservation together and concretely https://agora-natura.de/	Online marketplace for certified nature conservation projects. Private investors and companies can specifically promote biodiversity and nature services through the purchase of nature conservation certificates.	Production, consumption (private individuals, companies) Farmers or landowners as recipients of monetary benefits, which are financed by consumers or businesses. Financing of biodiversity measures takes place through the purchase of certificates.	Private financing from individuals or companies	valuation: quantification of biodiversity and ES valorization: contract between private companies/persons and farmers with certification
REGIONALWERT AG We fight for farmers, bees and the soil https://www.regionalwert-leistungen.de/	It is an offer for citizens to actively take responsibility for their region and the local food supply in the form of a share purchase from their regional representation of the Regionalwert AG.	Production, processing, transport, consumption A more regional and intermediate value chain will be created by this initiative.	Private financing from individuals	valuation: value performance calculator (Leistungsrechner) valorization: share purchase for citizens (Bürgeraktie)
KLIM. Your companion for regenerative agriculture. The free platform for soil health & climate protection https://farms.klim.eco/	The app enables farmers to implement management measures to improve carbon sequestration. The farmers can obtain a certification and the products will be labeled as carbon farmed.	Production, consumption Payments come from the consumers for the products, from investors and in case of a public CO2 pricing scheme also from regulation.	Private financing from individuals, financing authorities, public entities	valuation: method-based approach, where implemented measures are paid for based on their potential benefit calculated applying scientific data valorization: payments from investors, consumers or public authorities
ECOCROWD. Crowdfunding for sustainable projects https://www.ecocrowd.de/en/	A platform, launched by the German Environmental Aid (Deutsche Umwelthilfe), where sustainable projects and start-ups are presented which need start-up assistance. Citizens can make a contribution to financing and will receive a reward.	Entire value chain Projects can be related to every step in the VC.	Private financing from individuals	valuation: dependent on the project valorization: payment for a project connected to various rewards
FUTURE PLANTER Improving our biodiversity with concrete measures https://futureplanter.ch/	The non-profit foundation wants to promote biodiversity and personal responsibility in Switzerland. The platform offers the possibility to find out which endangered wild bees and butterflies occur in one’s own environment and suitable native wild shrubs can be ordered.	Suppliers, consumption	Private financing from individuals, companies and communities	valuation: the implementation of the measure is done by individuals and will not be assessed valorization: payment by consumers
VIELFELD Let the fields bloom! https://viel-feld.de/	People can become a supporter of one of the blooming fields with a sponsorship. Customers can select a farm and a size for the flowering area, which they want to support.	Production, consumption	Private financing from individuals	valuation: payments for farmers to adopt measures valorization: payments from consumers
INSEKTENHELDEN https://insektenhelden.de/	The vision of the start-up is the first online platform for joint insect protection. The farmers offer an area to consumers, who can choose from various support options.	Production, consumption	Private financing from individuals, businesses, foundations	valuation: monitoring of measures and subsequent payments for farmers valorization: payments from consumers
BITE Biodiversity beyond the plate: projects to increase biodiversity in supply and demand in the out-of-home catering sector https://wupperinst.org/p/wi/p/s/pd/923	Development of a biodiversity index for lunchtime meals of the out-of-home catering industry. (Agro)biodiversity will be measured in order to make the influence of a lunch on (agro)biodiversity visible.	Gastronomy/caterers, consumption	Public funding by BMBF	valuation: measurement of biodiversity valorization: information on the impact on biodiversity of the different meals
MOORFUTURES, Paludiculture Agriculture and forestry on rewetted peatlands https://www.moorfutures.de/	Paludiculture promotes biodiversity and other ecosystem services of peatlands. It offers perspectives for agriculture and tourism in poorly developed regions.	Production, consumption	Private financing from individuals and companies	valuation: scientific monitoring of the climate impact as part of the project planning and every 5 years after the implementation of the rewetting of the peatland valorization: purchase of the MoorFutures carbon certificates
CLIMATE FARMERS Building the infrastructure to scale regenerative agriculture & reverse climate change. https://www.climatefarmers.org/	The potential of regenerative agriculture to store carbon in the ground and restore ecosystems, all while improving the livelihood of farmers is in the focus of the initiative. To enable more farmers to take the step into regenerative agriculture, financial instruments for the transition period are developed.	Production, consumption	Financing from companies	valuation: monitoring valorization: voluntary carbon market for companies
TREECYCLE Investments into eucalyptus trees by blockhain technology https://treecycle.ch/	Investors directly invest in eucalyptus trees by blockhain-driven security tokens (eTREEs).	Entire VC (all parties involved benefit via blockchain technology), all VC members can be investors	Private/monetary	valuation: each eTREE is legally linked to a real eucalyptus tree using a blockchain-driven security token valorization: voluntary investment in tree planting via tokens
BLOOMING LANDSCAPE NETWORK NETZWERK BLÜHENDE LANDSCHAFT – NBL https://bluehende-landschaft.de/bluehflaechen/landwirtschaft/	The Blooming Landscape Network focuses on the positive image of a blooming landscape for all pollinating insects.	Production	Private financing from individuals and companies	valuation: no valuation of BES valorization: direct payment for a measure (measure oriented), signs and info boards

The term consumption, not just refers to the consumption of food, but as well of BES