Table 2.
General study characteristics
| References | Publication type | Funding | Study perspective | Time horizon | Patient characteristics | Intervention | Control treatment | Type of economic evaluation | Analytic approach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heinz et al., [13] | Journal paper | None | UK NHS and PSS perspective | Lifelong | Adults (i.e., 18 years or older), diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD who have exhausted all previous lines of therapies | Upadacitinib 30 mg once daily | Dupilumab 300 mg every other week with initial loading dose 600 mg | CUA | Model based: Markov model with eight health states |
| Takenaka et al. [15] | Journal paper | Japan Tobacco and Torii Pharmaceutical | Japanese public healthcare payer's perspective | 1 year | Adults, diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD | Delgocitinib | Moisturizing therapy | CEA/CUA | Model based: microsimulation model with four health states |
| Kuznik et al. [14] | Journal paper | Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc | US payer perspective | Lifelong | Adults, diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD | Dupilumab 300 mg every other week | Supportive care | Value-based price estimation | Model based: decision tree followed by Markov model with four health states |
| Zimmemann et al. [16] | Journal paper | N/A | US payer perspective | Lifelong | Adults diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD for whom topical therapy is no option or not working sufficiently | Dupilumab 300 mg every other week with initial loading dose 600 mg | Usual care with emollients | CUA | Model based: Markov model with five health states |
| CADTH [22] | Pharmacoeconomic report | Canada’s federal, provincial and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec | Canadian publicly funded health care payer | Lifelong | Humans aged ≥ 12 years diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD for whom topical therapy is no option or not working sufficiently | Dupilumab 300 mg every other week with initial loading dose 600 mg for ≥ 60 kg and adults; dupilumab 200 mg every other week with initial loading dose 400 mg for adolescents aged 12–17 years and < 60 kg | Standard of care | CUA | Model based: decision tree followed by Markov model with five health states |
| CADTH [20] | Pharmacoeconomic review report | Canada’s federal, provincial and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec | Canadian publicly funded health care payer | Lifelong | Adults diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD for whom topical prescription therapy is not working adequately | Dupilumab 300 mg every other week with initial loading dose 600 mg | Standard of care (mid-potency TCS or TCI) | CUA | Model based: decision tree model followed by Markov model with three health states |
| Fanelli et al. [18] | Abstract | N/A | Italian National Healthcare Service (NHS) perspective | Lifelong | Adolescents (12–17 years) with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe AD | Dupilumab | Supportive care | CEA/CUA | Model based: 1-year decision tree followed by lifetime Markov model |
| Chen et al. [17] | Abstract | N/A | Australian healthcare sector | 16 weeks | Adults diagnosed with mild-to-moderate AD | Crisaborole 2% ointment | Pimecrolimus 1% cream | CUA | Model based: decision tree |
| CADTH [23] | Reimbursement recommendation | Canada’s federal, provincial and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec | Canadian publicly funded health care payer | Lifelong | Humans aged ≥ 12 years diagnosed with refractory moderate-to-severe AD and inadequate response to other systemic drugs (e.g. steroid or biologic) or for whom those drugs are not advisable | Abrocitinib 100 or abrocitinib 200 | Standard of care (TCS, TCI, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, oral antihistamines) or abrocitinib 100 | CUA | Model based: decision tree/Markov model hybrid |
| NICE [12] | Technology appraisal guidance | N/A | UK NHS and PSS perspective | 61 years | Adults diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD and who are candidates for systemic therapy | Dupilumab 300 mg every other week with initial loading dose 600 mg | Best supportive care (emollients, low-to-mid potency topical corticosteroids, and rescue therapy with higher potency topical or oral corticosteroids or TCI, photo therapy, psychological support) | CEA/CUA | Model based: decision tree followed by Markov model with three health states |
| NICE [26] | Technology appraisal guidance | N/A | UK NHS and PSS perspective | Lifelong | Adults diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD and who are candidates for systemic therapy | Baricitinib 4 mg once daily |
Dupilumab 300 mg every other week with initial loading dose 600 mg; best supportive care (includes low-to-mid potency TCS, phototherapy, psychological support, rescue therapy, higher potency topical or oral corticosteroids or TCI and extensive use of emollients) |
CEA/CUA | Model based: Markov model with four health states |
| Institute for Clinical and Economic Review [25] | Evidence report | Government grants and non-profit foundations (largest single funder: Arnold Ventures); no funding from health insurers, pharmacy benefit managers, or life science companies | Health system perspective | 5 years | Adults diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD | Abrocitinib or baricitnib or tralokinumab or upadacitinib or dupilumab | Standard of care or dupilumab | CEA/CUA | Model based: Markov model with five health states |
| Institute for Clinical and Economic Review [24] | Evidence report | Government grants, non-profit foundations, health plans, provider groups, and health industry manufacturers | US health system | Lifelong | Adults diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD and who are not adequately controlled with topical therapy or for whom topical therapy is no option | Dupilumab 300 mg every other week with initial loading dose 600 mg | Usual care with emollients | CEA/CUA | Model based: Markov model with five health states |
| CADTH [21] | Pharmacoeconomic review report | Canada’s federal, provincial and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec | Canadian publicly funded healthcare payer |
1 year adults (manufacturer) 15 years children (manufacturer) lifelong adults (CADTH) |
Children (2–17 years) diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD or adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD | Crisaborole ointment, 2% applied topically, twice a day, to all affected skin areas |
TCS (betamethasone valerate 0.1%) or TCI [pimecrolimus 1% or tacrolimus (adults: 0.1%; children: 0.03%)] |
CUA | Model based: Markov microsimulation model with seven health states |
| Pedone et al. [19] | Abstract | Sanofi S.p.A | Italian National Healthcare Service (NHS) perspective | Lifelong | Children (6–11 years) and adolescents (12–17 years) diagnosed with severe AD who are eligible for systemic therapy but for whom treatment with topical medications is not an option | Dupilumab | Supportive care | CEA/CUA | Model based: decision tree followed by Markov model with foyr health states |
AD atopic dermatitis, CEA cost-effectiveness analysis, CUA cost-utility analysis, N/A not available, NHS National Health Service, PSS Personal Social Services, TCI topical calcineurin inhibitors, TCS topical corticosteroids