Table 3.

Healthcare resource utilization and costs

	Pre-Covid (ref)	Lockdown				Pre-Vaccination				Vaccination
			Adjusted Results*				Adjusted Results*				Adjusted Results*
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Coeff	p-value	95%CI	Mean (SD)	Coeff	p-value	95%CI	Mean (SD)	Coeff	p-value	95%CI
Annualized hospitalization rates	0.86 (0.97)	0.06 (0.55)	-0.64	p < 0.01	(-0.69; -0.59)	0.33 (14.08)	-0.37	p < 0.01	(-0.41; -0.33)	0.38 (1.01)	-0.35	p < 0.01	(-0.39; -0.32)
MS Annualized hospitalization rates	0.79 (0.93)	0.03 (0.47)	-0.57	p < 0.01	(-0.62; -0.53)	0.29 (0.99)	-0.31	p < 0.01	(-0.36; -0.23)	0.34 (0.95)	-0.29	p < 0.01	(-0.32; -0.26)
Monthly Hospital admission Costs (EUR)	40.70 (137.86)	7.71 (150.53)	-40.19	p < 0.01	(-48.83; -31.56)	26.18 (179.74)	-22.34	p < 0.01	(-30.08; -14.59)	29.30 (200.24)	-22.25	p < 0.01	(-29.35; -15.16)
Monthly MS hospital admission costs (EUR)	30.65 (103.81)	1.08 (18.37)	-35.26	p < 0.01	(-40.93; -29.61)	18.26 (130.08)	-18.99	p < 0.01	(-24.07; -13.91)	19.89 (132.30)	-19.56	p < 0.01	(-24.22; -14.91)
Monthly DMT costs (EUR)	902.68 (406.47)	804.11 (418.64)	-56.06	p < 0.01	(-68.58; -43.80)	854.19 (436.78)	-58.06	p < 0.01	(-69.18; -46.94)	939.32 (470.68)	-31.72	p < 0.01	(-41.91; -21.53)

Table shows the annualized hospitalization rate and monthly costs described as mean (standard deviation). Differences in outcomes between periods (Pre-lockdown (as reference), Lockdown, Pre-Vaccination and Vaccination) were explored using linear mixed models. *The analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and treatment duration