Skip to main content
. 2023 Sep 29;6:1250725. doi: 10.3389/frai.2023.1250725

Table 5.

Outcomes of human-AI teaming.

Category Outcome No of sources Sources Cluster(s)
Human Human agency 2 Fan et al., 2022; Tabrez et al., 2022 3
Preference for feedback 1 Jain et al., 2022 2
Perception of human Perceived decision authority 1 Xiong et al., 2023 1
Subjective workload 2 Lai et al., 2022; Xiong et al., 2023 1, 3
Fatigue 2 Galin and Meshcheryakov, 2021; Semeraro et al., 2022 4
Stress 2 Galin and Meshcheryakov, 2021; Tabrez et al., 2022 3, 4
Fear 1 Galin and Meshcheryakov, 2021 4
Role clarity 1 Jain et al., 2022 2
AI / 0
Perception of AI Trust/confidence in AI 12 Demir et al., 2021; Kraus et al., 2021; Fan et al., 2022; Jain et al., 2022; Kridalukmana et al., 2022; Rastogi et al., 2022; Tabrez et al., 2022; Vössing et al., 2022; Chong et al., 2023; Endsley, 2023; Naiseh et al., 2023; Xiong et al., 2023 1, 2, 3, 5
Comfort with AI teammate 1 Hauptman et al., 2023 1
Acceptance of AI/willingness to collaborate As replacement of a human teampartner 3 Li et al., 2022; Chong et al., 2023; Xiong et al., 2023 1, 2, 5
AI legitimacy as a team member 1 Hauptman et al., 2023 1
Social presence 1 Fan et al., 2022 3
Evaluation of AI autonomy 1 Hauptman et al., 2023 1
Perceived AI capability/understanding of AI 3 Fan et al., 2022; Lai et al., 2022; Xiong et al., 2023 1, 3
User experience, including Engagement, subjective perception 3 Fan et al., 2022; Lai et al., 2022; Xiong et al., 2023 1, 3
Satisfaction with AI 2 Kraus et al., 2021; Fan et al., 2022 3, 5
Team Human-machine augmentation 1 Chandel and Sharma, 2023 2
Situation awareness 1 Tabrez et al., 2022 3
Decision style matching 1 Xiong et al., 2023 1
Perception of team Interaction experience 1 Galin and Meshcheryakov, 2021 4
Attitude toward collaboration 1 Li et al., 2022 2
Preference for a collaboration mode 2 Li et al., 2022; Xiong et al., 2023 1, 2
Responsibility attribution 1 Xiong et al., 2023 1
Task Data management 1 Othman and Yang, 2022 4
Human reliance on AI/adjusted decision making 2 Rastogi et al., 2022; Vössing et al., 2022 1, 3
Perception of task Perception of task interdependence 1 Xiong et al., 2023 1
Performance Performance Human performance (e.g., time/number of pauses) AI performance (e.g., efficacy, precision) HAIT performance (e.g., quality of decision) 10 Saßmannshausen et al., 2021; Fan et al., 2022; Lai et al., 2022; Rastogi et al., 2022; Tabrez et al., 2022; Vössing et al., 2022; Chong et al., 2023; Endsley, 2023; Naiseh et al., 2023; Xiong et al., 2023 1, 3, 5
Cost reduction 1 Othman and Yang, 2022 4
Perceived performance Perception of efficiency increase through AI 1 Othman and Yang, 2022 4
Perception of AI performance 1 Xiong et al., 2023 1
Human confidence in decisions 2 Lai et al., 2022; Tabrez et al., 2022 3
Confidence in own performance (human) 1 Chong et al., 2023 5
Perception of task performance 1 Xiong et al., 2023 1
Context Perceived risk (of a decision) 1 Xiong et al., 2023 1
Trust in the team by stakeholders 1 Hauptman et al., 2023 1