Table 2.
Adjusted ORs (95%CIs) of hypertension according to LDL-C and RC concentrations.
| Variables | LDL-C and RC Levels, OR (95%CI) | Per 1 log-transformed increment, mg/dL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile1 | Tertile2 | Tertile3 | P trend | ||
| LDL-C | |||||
| Median (range), mg/dL | 86.8 (19.6-104.4) |
118.4 (104.5-133.6) |
153.1 (133.7-354.1) |
||
| Cases, No./Total No. | 1,343/3,613 | 1,671/3,615 | 1,949/3,614 | 4,963/10,842 | |
| Model 1 * | Ref | 1.20 (1.05-1.37) | 1.28 (1.11-1.48) | 0.001 | 1.52 (1.26-1.85) |
| Model 2 † | Ref | 1.23 (1.08-1.40) | 1.33 (1.14-1.54) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.29-1.93) |
| Model 3 ‡ | Ref | 1.22 (1.07-1.40) | 1.32 (1.13-1.54) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.27-1.94) |
| Model 4 § | Ref | 0.99 (0.86-1.14) | 0.89 (0.75-1.07) | 0.186 | 0.86 (0.69-1.09) |
| RC | |||||
| Median (range), mg/dL | 14.6 (2.9-17.4) | 20.5 (17.5-24.5) | 30.7 (24.6-67.5) | ||
| Cases, No./Total No. | 1,238/3,615 | 1,667/3,602 | 2,508/3,625 | 4,963/10,842 | |
| Model 1 * | Ref | 1.49 (1.31-1.69) | 2.33 (2.02-2.68) | <0.001 | 2.74 (2.34-3.20) |
| Model 2 † | Ref | 1.47 (1.28-1.67) | 2.22 (1.93-2.56) | <0.001 | 2.59 (2.21-3.03) |
| Model 3 ‡ | Ref | 1.45 (1.27-1.65) | 2.18 (1.89-2.52) | <0.001 | 2.54 (2.17-2.99) |
| Model 4 || | Ref | 1.46 (1.27-1.67) | 2.21 (1.89-2.58) | <0.001 | 2.69 (2.26-3.21) |
CI, confidence interval; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR, odds ratio; RC, remnant cholesterol.
* Model1: adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male/female), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other), educational level (less than high school, high school or equivalent, college or above), family income-poverty ratio (≤1.0, 1.1-3.0, >3.0), smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, current smoker), and alcohol drinking (non-drinker, low to moderate drinker, heavy drinker).
† Model 2: further adjusted (from Model 1) for chronic kidney disease (yes or no), and diabetes mellitus (yes or no), coronary heart disease (yes or no).
‡ Model 3: further adjusted (from Model 2) for eGFR (continuous), FBG (continuous), and HbA1c (continuous).
§ Model 4: further adjusted (from Model 3) for log RC (continuous).
|| Model 4: further adjusted (from Model 3) for log LDL-C (continuous).
All estimates accounted for complex survey design.